Regulation and the Courts: Judicial Review in Comparative Perspective

Judicial review of regulatory decisions: Decoding the contents of appeals against agencies in Spain and the United Kingdom

“…The first explanation offered is theoretical. Under the comparative administrative law approach, the information obtained from the share of cases is consistent with the premises that distinguish judiciary systems of administrative justice under the common law tradition from those rooted in the French droit administratif tradition (Cane 2011;Bignami 2012Bignami , 2016Solanes Mullor 2016). The latter type of judiciary system, such as the Spanish case where public administration is highly centralized by the state, is subject to tougher administrative control over bureaucrats, leading to a higher number of legal disputes and litigation over decisions of the government (Betancor Rodríguez, 2010a; Solanes Mullor 2016), while the degree of judicial litigation in the common law system such as the United Kingdom is lower, associated to a more decentralized government administration style (Cane 2011).…”

“…To contribute with the empirical study of judicial review of regulatory decisions, this paper performs a content analysis 1 of 2,040 judicial appeal rulings against decisions issued by eight regulators in the telecomm and competition jurisdictions in Spain and the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2016. The research goal is to process, analyze, and interpret the information contained in legal disputes against regulators according to two main theoretical approaches: the substantive principles of administrative decisions (Bignami 2012(Bignami , 2016 as a framework to examine the alleged violations to the lawfulness and legitimacy of regulatory decisions, and the regulatory capacities approach (Lodge & Wegrich 2014;Jordana et al 2018), to verify what are the substantive regulatory capacities under challenge. Both theoretical approaches consider the substantive features of agencies' administrative decisions to intervene in a specific policy area, which allows comparing cases across countries and policy sectors despite differences in the administrative traditions and judicial systems.…”

“…The analysis is guided by two approaches that explain judicial controls of government's actions. On the one hand, it is guided by the comparative administrative law approach, which studies the legal doctrines that rule a judiciary system in order to distinguish institutions of administrative justice under the common law tradition from those rooted in the French droit administratif tradition (Baum, 2011;Betancor Rodríguez, 1994, 2010aBignami 2012Bignami , 2016Cane 2011;Ginsburg & Wright, 2012;Solanes Mullor 2016). On the other hand, the comparative analysis is also guided by an institutional approach, which highlights how the given design of a court's system (e.g.…”

The Randstad Case: Melki Reloaded? The Fundamental Right to Effective Judicial Protection as Battleground for Judicial Supremacy in European Law

“…The Italian organization of the judiciary follows the French doctrine of a special and separate system of courts to obtain redress against government actors. 41 The droit administratif, in other words, is mostly adjudicated in a separate system of courts, with regional tribunals as courts of first instance and the Council of State (Consiglio di Stato) as the supreme administrative court. There are, however, two main differences when comparing the Italian model to the French.…”

Urheberrechtspolitik in Deutschland.

“…Es ist daher auch komplett richtig, dass beispielsweise auch auf Formen privater Regulierung (in unserem Feld ist die private Lizensierungsform Creative Commons gemeint) hinzuweisen, um den gesamten Wandel zu erfassen (Hofmann 2012). Tatsächlich folgt aus dieser Warnung lediglich das Argument, die Grenzen der Untersuchung deutlich zu kommunizieren und zwingt einzig und allein dazu, zwischen dem Wandel von Public Policy und dem Wandel im gesamten Feld zu unterscheiden.In diesem engeren Sinne sind Public Policy die Gesetze, Verordnungen und anderen Entscheidungen von Regierungen oder Regulierungsagenturen aber auch die Rechtsfortbildung der (Verfassungs-)Gerichte(Hönnige 2011;Bignami 2016). Einige Literaturen unterscheiden zwar Policy in "laws" oder "regulations", so dass Legislativentscheidungen von Exekutiventscheidungen voneinander in der Analyse unterschieden werden(Nachmany et al 2019;Fernández-i-Marı ń et al 2019), subsumieren diese letztlich aber wieder unterschiedslos 48 .…”