Regulation and Risk Assessment for Importations and Releases of Biological Control Agents Against Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa

Klein, Hildegard; Hill, Martin; Zachariades, C.; Zimmermann, H. G.

doi:10.4001/003.019.0215

Cited by 26 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…It will soon also be subjected to regulation by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA). The South African Agricultural Pests Act 36 of 1983 prohibits importation of exotic organisms, including foreign EPNs, without a permit and a full-impact study (Klein et al 2011). Therefore, several surveys have been conducted in South Africa with the aim of finding and identifying suitable local EPNs that could be used as biological control agents (Malan et al , 2008Hatting et al 2009;Malan et al 2011).…”

Section: The Role Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing andin vivoProduction

Zyl

Malan

2014

African Entomology

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Section: The Role Of Entomopathogenic Nematodes As Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing andin vivoProduction

Zyl

Malan

2014

African Entomology

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“…The levels of risk and protocols followed are based on international best practice, and largely determined by the research community itself. As a result, the process for assessing risks of the deliberate release of biological control agents against various invasive alien plants is very sophisticated and includes the collection of new data and conducting of experiments under quarantine over several years (Klein et al 2011; for more information on biological control, see Hill et al 2020, Chap. 19).…”

Section: Release Applications For Biological Control Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysing the Risks Posed by Biological Invasions to South Africa

Kumschick

Foxcroft

Wilson

2020

Biological Invasions in South Africa

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Risk analysis is an important decision-support tool for the management of biological invasions. South Africa, as a signatory to international agreements, has enacted legislation requiring risk analyses to be conducted if trade is to be restricted or regulated and if alien species are to be introduced. In this chapter, we outline the various needs for risk analyses for biological invasions in South Africa, summarise the current status, and make recommendations for a way forward. In particular, we highlight the need to move away from approaches that are purely based on expert opinion or entirely reactive, and propose a new system and process which includes the use of a structured risk analysis framework with clear guidelines to avoid expert bias. We highlight the need to assess risk, consider risk management options (including benefits), and to develop clear recommendations. The proposed process also involves the review of recommendations by an independent panel. We further note that the effectiveness of such approaches will be defined by their transparency, their accuracy, how feasible they are to implement in practice, and the trust that people have in the system.

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“…The process of assessing the risk to plant health posed by the release of exotic BCAs of invasive alien plants can be facilitated by an expert working group that would be available to advise the applicant at regular intervals, as is the case in some countries with more experience with weed biocontrol (e.g., Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland and the USA; Sheppard et al, 2003;Palmer et al, 2010;Klein et al, 2011;Hill et al, 2013). Although EFSA may contribute to such a working group, the role of EFSA is best suited to providing a peer review of a BCA risk assessment, because the peer review of an application prepared by the researchers specialized on a particular exotic BCA is the procedure successfully followed in the countries with much experience in this kind of risk assessments.…”

Section: Expert Working Groupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statement on the assessment of the risk posed to plant health in the EU territory by the intentional release of biological control agents of invasive alien plant species

Rossi¹

2015

EFS2

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Classical biological control has been successfully used in various continents to manage many invasive alien plants originating from Europe, but this approach is still not widely adopted in Europe, despite its advantages (sustainable, effective, efficacious, good safety record) compared to chemical and manual control of weeds. Following the publication in April 2015 of the EFSA PLH Scientific Opinion on the risk posed to plant health in the EU by the intentional release of the bud‐galling wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae for the control of the invasive alien plant Acacia longifolia, the EFSA PLH Panel is publishing this statement on the procedure to follow should similar requests be made in future. Ideally what is required for an EFSA Opinion on a risk assessment of a BCA release is: (i) host specificity tests of a plant list agreed in advance by an appropriate body; (ii) a risk assessment for plant health produced using a standardized template for the whole of the EU or at the least for an appropriate bio‐climatic area within the EU; and (iii) consideration of benefits. This process could be facilitated by an expert working group that would be available to advise the applicant at regular intervals. The role of EFSA is best suited to providing a peer review of a weed BCA risk assessment for the EU considering that peer review of applications prepared by researchers specialized in a particular BCA is the procedure adopted for BCA risk assessment in the countries that have much experience with using exotic BCAs of weeds. Following the appropriate International Standard for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPM) 3 and European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) Phytosanitary Measure (PM) 6/1 standards will help the releasing authority manage the process. Post‐release, as per EPPO PM 6/2, all appropriate safety procedures should be put in place.

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Regulation and Risk Assessment for Importations and Releases of Biological Control Agents Against Invasive Alien Plants in South Africa

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing andin vivoProduction

The Role of Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insect Pests, with Emphasis on the History of Their Mass Culturing andin vivoProduction

Analysing the Risks Posed by Biological Invasions to South Africa

Statement on the assessment of the risk posed to plant health in the EU territory by the intentional release of biological control agents of invasive alien plant species

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