Regulation and functions of membrane lipids: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans

Koyiloth, Muhasin; Gummadi, Sathyanarayana N.

doi:10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100043

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Modern cells have ‘technologically’ advanced molecular machinery that increases cell-membrane stability by directing their synthesis, protection, regulation, and maintenance [ 76 , 86 , 87 ]. Although protocells lack such molecular machinery, it is possible that the genetic control of modern cell membranes is a highly evolved and expanded feature of the primitive effect found in this research, in which nucleic acids (and perhaps other polymers, peptides, and even RNA monomers alone [ 51 ]) prevented membrane collapse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Life Have Started on Mars? Planetary Conditions That Assemble and Destroy Protocells

Cary,

Deamer,

Damer

et al. 2024

Life

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Early Mars was likely habitable, but could life actually have started there? While cellular life emerged from prebiotic chemistry through a pre-Darwinian selection process relevant to both Earth and Mars, each planet posed unique selection ‘hurdles’ to this process. We focus on drivers of selection in prebiotic chemistry generic to Earth-like worlds and specific to Mars, such as an iron-rich surface. Iron, calcium, and magnesium cations are abundant in hydrothermal settings on Earth and Mars, a promising environment for an origin of life. We investigated the impact of cations on the stability and disruption of different primitive cell membranes under different pH conditions. The relative destabilizing effect of cations on membranes observed in this study is Ca2+ > Fe2+ > Mg2+. Cation concentrations in Earth systems today are too low to disrupt primitive membranes, but on Mars concentrations could have been elevated enough to disrupt membranes during surface dehydration. Membranes and RNA interact during dehydration–rehydration cycles to mutually stabilize each other in cation-rich solutions, and optimal membrane composition can be ‘selected’ by environmental factors such as pH and cation concentrations. We introduce an approach that considers how life may have evolved differently under the Martian planetary conditions and selective pressures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Could Life Have Started on Mars? Planetary Conditions That Assemble and Destroy Protocells

Cary,

Deamer,

Damer

et al. 2024

Life

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“…Dietary supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), such as oleic, palmitoleic, or cis‐vaccenic acids, is sufficient to increase lifespan ( Han et al, 2017 ; Lee et al, 2019 ), and their presence is abundant in other long-lived C. elegans mutants ( Shmookler Reis et al, 2011 ). It is not yet clear how MUFAs regulate lifespan, but they have suggested roles in promoting membrane fluidity, enhancing energy storage, and minimizing oxidative stress ( Koyiloth and Gummadi, 2022 ).…”

Section: Changes In Lipid Metabolism In C Elegans ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding lifespan secrets: the role of the gonad in Caenorhabditis elegans aging

Pires da Silva,

Kelleher,

Reynoldson

2024

Front. Aging

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The gonad has become a central organ for understanding aging in C. elegans, as removing the proliferating stem cells in the germline results in significant lifespan extension. Similarly, when starvation in late larval stages leads to the quiescence of germline stem cells the adult nematode enters reproductive diapause, associated with an extended lifespan. This review summarizes recent advancements in identifying the mechanisms behind gonad-mediated lifespan extension, including comparisons with other nematodes and the role of lipid signaling and transcriptional changes. Given that the gonad also mediates lifespan regulation in other invertebrates and vertebrates, elucidating the underlying mechanisms may help to gain new insights into the mechanisms and evolution of aging.

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“…Furthermore, the membrane-associated proteins, PAQR-2 and IGLR-2, have been recently reported to be the cooperative glucose sensitivity on the intestinal apical membrane in C. elegans (Devkota et al, 2021;Koyiloth and Gummadi, 2022;Svensk et al, 2016). Together, the glucose absorption of the intestine plays an important role in the physiological and pathological modulation of glucose levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glucose stockpile in the intestinal apical brush border inC. elegans

Saitô

Kikuchi²,

Ishikawa

2023

Preprint

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Since understanding the mechanisms of glucose transport is a crucial approach for pathological diseases induced by glucose toxicities such as diabetes, numerous studies have unveiled molecular functions involved in glucose transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a commonly used model organism. However, physicochemical behaviors of glucose in intestinal lumen-to-cell are still elusive. To address that, we here evaluated a diffusion coefficient of glucose in the intestinal apical brush border in C. elegans by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) with fluorescent glucose. Our results indicate that the fluorescent glucose is accumulated in the intestinal brush border, where the diffusion coefficient of glucose is ~10^(-8) cm2/s, two orders of magnitude slower than that in bulk. Namely, the intestinal brush border is considered to be a highly viscous layer composed of intestinal microvilli and more dominantly glycocalyx. These findings imply that this high concentration of glucose in the viscous layer acts as a stockpile.

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Regulation and functions of membrane lipids: Insights from Caenorhabditis elegans

Cited by 8 publications

References 142 publications

Could Life Have Started on Mars? Planetary Conditions That Assemble and Destroy Protocells

Could Life Have Started on Mars? Planetary Conditions That Assemble and Destroy Protocells

Decoding lifespan secrets: the role of the gonad in Caenorhabditis elegans aging

Glucose stockpile in the intestinal apical brush border inC. elegans

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