Regulation and function of developmentally controlled polyploidization

Abstract

Chapter 1 systems , such as yeast (Harashima et al. 2013). This box provides a general overview of canonical mitotic cell-cycle regulation. Cell cycle regulationProgression through the cell cycle is primarily regulated through the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks), a class of enzymes that initiate the processes of each cell cycle phase (Figure 2a). The activity of Cdks during the cell cycle is regulated by their interaction with cyclins. Cyclins are subject to rapid ubiquitination and degradation at defi ned moments during the cell cycle to regulate their cyclical abundance. The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and Skp, Cullin, F-box containing complex (SCF complex) are the two main complexes that regulate the degradation of cyclins and other cell-cycle proteins during the cell cycle (Harashima et al. 2013). An additional layer of cell cycle regulation consists of proteins that aff ect the activity of CDK/cyclin complexes, such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor proteins (CKIs) and CDK or cyclin kinases and phosphatases.