Regulating under conditions of uncertainty and risk: Lessons learned from state regulation of hydraulic fracturing

Ralston, Jonah J.; Kalmbach, Jason A.

doi:10.1080/14660466.2018.1444875

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…8−14 Despite this increasing toxicological evidence, both Canada and the U.S. do not classify these wastewaters as hazardous waste. 2,15 Coupled with the regionally governed management structure of UOG activity and waste, 16 this has resulted in highly variable systems of policy and regulation frameworks which may not effectively address the hazards UOG wastewaters pose to the environment. This is particularly true in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where offshore fracturing is regulated federally in the United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies show low dilution exposures of HF-FW and produced waters from UOG activities induce sublethal and lethal toxicities in freshwater invertebrates (as low as 0.004 and ∼0.25%, respectively, in Daphnia magna) and vertebrates (as low as 2.5 and 2.2%, respectively, in species such as rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and zebrafish, Danio rerio). − Despite this increasing toxicological evidence, both Canada and the U.S. do not classify these wastewaters as hazardous waste. , Coupled with the regionally governed management structure of UOG activity and waste, this has resulted in highly variable systems of policy and regulation frameworks which may not effectively address the hazards UOG wastewaters pose to the environment. This is particularly true in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), where offshore fracturing is regulated federally in the United States .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water Impairs Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function and Swimming Performance

Folkerts

Heuer

Flynn

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Publicly available toxicological studies on wastewaters associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) activities in offshore regions are nonexistent. The current study investigated the impact of hydraulic fracturing-generated flowback water (HF-FW) on whole organism swimming performance/respiration and cardiomyocyte contractility dynamics in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurushereafter referred to as “mahi”), an organism which inhabits marine ecosystems where offshore hydraulic fracturing activity is intensifying. Following exposure to 2.75% HF-FW for 24 h, mahi displayed significantly reduced critical swimming speeds (U crit) and aerobic scopes (reductions of ∼40 and 61%, respectively) compared to control fish. Additionally, cardiomyocyte exposures to the same HF-FW sample at 2% dilutions reduced a multitude of mahi sarcomere contraction properties at various stimulation frequencies compared to all other treatment groups, including an approximate 40% decrease in sarcomere contraction size and a nearly 50% reduction in sarcomere relaxation velocity compared to controls. An approximate 8-fold change in expression of the cardiac contractile regulatory gene cmlc2 was also seen in ventricles from 2.75% HF-FW-exposed mahi. These results collectively identify cardiac function as a target for HF-FW toxicity and provide some of the first published data on UOG toxicity in a marine species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water Impairs Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function and Swimming Performance

Folkerts

Heuer

Flynn

et al. 2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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show abstract

“…Instead of centering on a particular environmental impact, some articles provide general overviews of environmental risks (Brittingham et al 2014;Burton et al 2014;Lave and Lutz 2014;Souther et al 2014) or information about regulatory processes (Ralston and Kalmbach 2018). For instance, in an analysis of land use and shale development, Moran et al (2015) assert that, "shale gas development will likely have substantial negative impact effects on forested habitats and the organisms that depend upon them" (p. 1276) and Abrahams et al (2015) note, "well pads, access roads, and gathering lines fragment forestland resulting in irreversible alterations to the forest ecosystem" (p. 153).…”

Section: Animal-observant Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Place of Animals and Human–Animal Relationships in Hydraulic Fracturing Discourse

Whitley

2019

Social Sciences

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Throughout human history, energy security has been a prominent concern. Historically, animals were used as energy providers and as companions and sentinels in mining operations. While animals are seldom used for these purposes in developed communities today, this legacy of use is likely to have far-reaching consequences for how animals and human–animal relationships are acknowledged in energy development. The US is currently experiencing an energy boom in the form of high volume horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing (HVHHF); because animals are the most at risk from this boom, this study uses a thorough content analysis of peer-reviewed HVHHF articles mentioning animals from 2012–2018 to assess how animals and human–animal relationships are discussed. Three dominant article theme classifications emerge: animal-focused articles, animal-observant articles, and animal sentinel articles. Across themes, articles seldom acknowledge the inherent value or the social and psychological importance of animals in human lives; instead, the focus is almost exclusively on the use of animals as sentinels for potential human health risks. Further, what is nearly absent from this body of literature is any social science research. Given that relationships with animals are an integral part of human existence, this study applies environmental justice principles, serving as a call to action for social science scholars to address the impacts of HVHHF on animals and human–animal relationships.

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Investigating the Potential Toxicity of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback and Produced Water Spills to Aquatic Animals in Freshwater Environments: A North American Perspective

Folkerts

Goss

Blewett

2020

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 254

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Regulating under conditions of uncertainty and risk: Lessons learned from state regulation of hydraulic fracturing

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Exposure to Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water Impairs Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function and Swimming Performance

Exposure to Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water Impairs Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function and Swimming Performance

Exploring the Place of Animals and Human–Animal Relationships in Hydraulic Fracturing Discourse

Investigating the Potential Toxicity of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback and Produced Water Spills to Aquatic Animals in Freshwater Environments: A North American Perspective

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