Regulating the Internet in the Interests of Children: Emerging European and International Approaches

Livingstone, Sonia

doi:10.1002/9781444395433.ch31

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…When it comes to children, the challenge is compounded because no effective way has yet been found to focus regulatory actions just on children – for they are seemingly invisible online. In practice, it seems, platforms must either treat all users (including children) as if they are adults (the current norm) or they must treat everyone as if they were children (a series of failed regulatory efforts testifies to the problems with this approach, the fear being that content regulation that protects children will be used to censor adults; Livingstone 2011). While this regulatory conundrum is taxing many clever minds (most recently resulting in the UK in the promising introduction of a legally-binding Age-Appropriate Design Code by the Information Commissioner’s Office), also worrying are the changing social norms that lead some to shrug their shoulders at a supposedly lost cause – the genie is out of the bottle, they say.…”

Section: Invisible Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erasmus Medal Lecture 2018 AE GM Barcelona: Realizing Children’s Rights in Relation to the Digital Environment

Livingstone¹

2020

European Review

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Two developments in recent decades – the rising attention to children’s rights, and the growing importance of the digital environment – seem on a collision course, with children’s rights arguably more infringed than benefited by the digital world, and with efforts to promote children’s rights in a digital world seen by some as threatening the freedom of expression that digital networks enable. Here, I set out the case for realizing children’s rights in relation to the digital environment, and then examine the difficulties that arise. Most recently, the status of the child online is shifting from one of invisibility to one of hypervisibility in an increasingly datafied world, and the child’s right to privacy has rapidly become the most contested of all the rights. With challenges ranging from that of identifying who is a child online to reining in the economic power of the major digital platforms, states seem to be facing an impasse when it comes to taking effective action. The result is a series of stark policy choices which leave all stakeholders dissatisfied. I conclude by proposing a series of interventions focused less on the actions regarding particular child rights and more on the legal and institutional processes and standards by which all rights could be better realized in a digital world.

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Section: Invisible Childrenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Erasmus Medal Lecture 2018 AE GM Barcelona: Realizing Children’s Rights in Relation to the Digital Environment

Livingstone¹

2020

European Review

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“…In other areas, adult and child rights can still be seen to conflict, as sometimes do children's own rights to simultaneously participate and to be protected (Livingstone 2011). Provision that allows for case-by-case consideration according to the specific context is, in such circumstances, especially desirable to meet the needs of particular individuals.…”

Section: Responsibility For Ensuring Children's Rights: Who Are the Smentioning

confidence: 99%

One in Three

Livingstone

Carr²,

Byrne³

2016

Innocenti Discussion Papers

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Discussion Papers are signed pieces by experts and researchers on current topics in social and economic policy and the realization of children's rights.The aim is to encourage reflection and stimulate wide-ranging discussion. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or views of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

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“…Prior to the Internet, it was accepted that democratic nation-states had ‘a responsibility to provide some degree of moral guidance or protection to media users’ (Flew, 2016: 78–79). Furthermore, such states tended to regulate print and film media in accordance with social norms of the time so that formal regulation worked alongside informal social mechanisms to protect children from exposure to adult content (Livingstone, 2011: 14). The arrival of the Internet has raised new challenges to the sovereignty of nation-states in presiding over media standards and regulation (Beattie, 2009; Flew, 2016; Khol, 2012), particularly when it comes to regulating the sale, exhibition and distribution of pornography online.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pornographic state: the changing nature of state regulation in addressing illegal and harmful online content

Keen

Kramer

2020

Media, Culture & Society

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This article explores the failure of democratic nation-states to regulate corporate Internet intermediaries who essentially provide access to websites containing illegal and legal pornographic content. Existing literature credits this apparent diminishing regulatory role of states to neoliberalism. Drawing on Wacquant’s theory of ‘neoliberal statecrafting’ can explain the paucity of state media regulation while also accounting for when states do engage in alternative forms of regulation. Through a thematic analysis of key documents, media and interviews with ‘elite’ stakeholders in Australia and the United Kingdom, this research shows that private actors are generally exempt from state regulation, while individuals are simultaneously subject to punitive mechanisms for problematic and illegal uses of the Internet.

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Regulating the Internet in the Interests of Children: Emerging European and International Approaches

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Erasmus Medal Lecture 2018 AE GM Barcelona: Realizing Children’s Rights in Relation to the Digital Environment

Erasmus Medal Lecture 2018 AE GM Barcelona: Realizing Children’s Rights in Relation to the Digital Environment

One in Three

The pornographic state: the changing nature of state regulation in addressing illegal and harmful online content

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