“…[65,66] Other possibilities may also include a change in the specific species formed when going from an aqueous environment to an organic solution. [10,40,41,43,[67][68][69][70] The similar solvent effects on compound 3, which does not have a boronic acid moiety, and boronic acid 1 b indicate that the phenylboronic acid moiety itself does not directly participate in the generation of fluorescence, although the formation of the anionic boronate species (Scheme 3) may influence the fluorescence properties of 1 b (and 1 a, 1 c, and 1 d), which will be discussed in the next section. The similar behaviors among 1 a-d in terms of l max , emission wavelength, pH profiles, and sugar-induced fluorescence changes also suggest that the phenylboronic acid moiety plays only an auxiliary role in fluorescence modulation and is not part of the fluorophore that is responsible for fluorescence generation.…”