Regulating surface sulfonation on cellulose nanocrystals and self-assembly behaviors

Wang, Yuxia; Lwal, Aban Lwal John; Wang, Qin; Zhou, Ji; Dufresne, Alain; Lin, Ning

doi:10.1039/d0cc04256k

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…As is well known, suspensions of CNCs from sulfuric acid hydrolysis easily form a chiral nematic liquid crystal phase spontaneously above a critical concentration. The occurrence of such self-assembly highly depends on the CNC properties. , The aspect ratio and surface charge are the two main characteristics of OA-CNCs that play an important role in their self-assembly behavior. , Formations of chiral nematic liquid crystal phase for all samples were investigated by POM images as shown in Figure . It could be seen that no fingerprint texture was observed in POM images for samples O(60, 100, 3) and O(60, 105, 3) obtained at an OA concentration of 60 wt % even at an OA-CNC suspension concentration above 4% (Figure a,b), perhaps, due to the low aspect ratio (Table ) and low surface charge of these two samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of such selfassembly highly depends on the CNC properties. 29,30 The aspect ratio and surface charge are the two main characteristics of OA-CNCs that play an important role in their self-assembly behavior. 31,32 Formations of chiral nematic liquid crystal phase for all samples were investigated by POM images as shown in Figure 3.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chiral Self-Assembly Behavior of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated by Recyclable Oxalic Acid from Degreasing Cotton

Lin,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Carboxylated cellulose nanocrystals (OA-CNCs) isolated by aqueous recyclable oxalic acid hydrolysis from degreasing cotton were used to observe its self-assembly behavior and chiral nematic properties. The oxalic acid here served as the sole catalyst to esterify and hydrolyze the degreasing cotton. The results indicated that the obtained OA-CNC suspensions were spontaneously phase-separated into a chiral nematic mesophase above a critical concentration, and the occurrence of chiral self-assembly is highly dependent on the aspect ratio and the surface charge of the OA-CNC suspension. Scanning electron microscopy images of the cross section of OA-CNC solid films revealed a periodic ordered multilayer structure. The residual OA was easily recovered through simple re-crystallization method after reactions with a high recovery rate of at least 90%. The recycled OA (ROA) had excellent performance in terms of ROA-CNC yield even after reusing for five cycles. Moreover, the resultant ROA-CNCs from recycled OA could also form chiral nematic ordered phases with little change in the critical concentration and pitch, suggesting excellent suitability for sustainable OA-CNC production for photonics and other specialty applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral Self-Assembly Behavior of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated by Recyclable Oxalic Acid from Degreasing Cotton

Lin,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The functionalization of native cellulose has been studied in order to achieve specific characteristics, such as improved solubility and mechanical strength or reduced hydrophilicity. Well-established procedures for surface chemical functionalization of cellulose include silylation [ 3 ], acetylation [ 4 ], oxidation [ 5 ], amination [ 6 ], sulfonation [ 7 , 8 ], and polymer grafting reactions. The cellulose modification with different monomers and macromonomers is a feasible way to change its physical and chemical characteristics and has been the subject of many works.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sponges from Plasma Treated Cellulose Nanofibers Grafted with Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl Ether Methacrylate

et al. 2022

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In this work, cellulose nanofibers (CNF) were surface treated by plasma and grafted with poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMMA) for increasing mechanical strength and hydrophobicity. The surface characteristics of the sponges were studied by scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which demonstrated successful surface modification. Plasma treatment applied to CNF suspension led to advanced defibrillation, and the resulting sponges (CNFpl) exhibited smaller wall thickness than CNF. The grafting of PEGMMA led to an increase in the wall thickness of the sponges and the number of larger pores when compared with the non-grafted counterparts. Sponges with increased hydrophobicity demonstrated by an almost 4 times increase in the water contact angle and better mechanical strength proved by 2.5 times increase in specific compression strength were obtained after PEGMMA grafting of plasma treated CNF. Cells cultivated on both neat and PEGMMA-grafted CNF sponges showed high viability (>99%). Remarkably, CNF grafted with PEGMMA showed better cell viability as compared with the untreated CNF sample; this difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition, the obtained sponges do not trigger an inflammatory response in macrophages, with TNF-α secretion by cells in contact with CNFpl, CNF-PEGMMA, and CNFpl-PEGMMA samples being lower than that observed for the CNF sample. All these results support the great potential of cellulose nanofibers surface treated by plasma and grafted with PEGMMA for biomedical applications.

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“…The full peak width at half-maximum (FWHM) and peak area ratio (at %) of characteristic peak in the CNC-g-PANI The characteristic peaks of the samples appeared at 14.8, 16.5, and 22.7°, corresponding to the (11̅ 0), (110), and (200) crystal planes, 37 as shown in Figure S1. According to the Segal formula, 38 the crystallinity of CNCs, OCNCs, and CNC-g-PPD were 81.0, 80.7, and 68.5%, respectively, indicating that TEMPO oxidation did not affect the crystallinity of CNCs.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Conductive Fibers from Alginate, Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Polyaniline by Wet Spinning

Zhou

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Polyaniline (PANI) has indeed received significant attention and extensive research in both academic and electronic industrial fields. Its unique properties, such as conductivity and processability, make it a promising material for various applications. Researchers and industrialists have explored PANI for its potential use in electronic devices, such as sensors, batteries, capacitors, and actuators, as well as in other areas like corrosion protection, supercapacitors, and electromagnetic shielding. The poor compatibility, tendency to aggregate, and poor mechanical properties of nanostructured PANI have hindered its performance. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used as a bio-template for covalent grafting PANI onto hydrophilic CNCs (CNC-g-PANI) through in situ oxidative polymerization. The resulting CNCg-PANI suspension with the sodium alginate (SA) matrix was wet-spun into composite fibers, which were compared to composite fibers made by physical blending of pure PANI and hydrogen-bonded CNC/PANI. The parameters were characterized to investigate the performance of the composite fibers. The covalent grafted CNC-g-PANI suspension maintained stable dispersion throughout the wet spinning process, making it suitable for both fundamental research and industrial processing. Indeed, the development of CNC-g-PANI@SA composite fibers through the covalent grafting of PANI onto cellulose nanocrystals offers a simple and eco-friendly approach. These composite fibers exhibit improved properties, including enhanced tensile strength, electrical conductivity, flexibility, and fatigue resistance. These attributes make them highly suitable for applications in the antistatic textile and electronic industries.

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Regulating surface sulfonation on cellulose nanocrystals and self-assembly behaviors

Abstract: The gradiented sulfonation was performed on the surface modification of cellulose nanocrystals by conjugate addition with sodium vinyl sulfonate moities. The self-assembly behaviors of modified nanocrystals in the liquid state...

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

Chiral Self-Assembly Behavior of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated by Recyclable Oxalic Acid from Degreasing Cotton

Chiral Self-Assembly Behavior of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals Isolated by Recyclable Oxalic Acid from Degreasing Cotton

Sponges from Plasma Treated Cellulose Nanofibers Grafted with Poly(ethylene glycol)methyl Ether Methacrylate

Flexible Conductive Fibers from Alginate, Cellulose Nanocrystals, and Polyaniline by Wet Spinning

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