Regulating Intrinsic Electronic Structures of Transition-Metal-Based Catalysts and the Potential Applications for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting

Regulating electronic structure of two‐dimensional porous Ni/Ni3N nanosheets architecture by Co atomic incorporation boosts alkaline water splitting

“…5,6 However, the large energy barriers of both half-reaction lead to large overpotentials, which strongly hampers the practical electrolysis of water for large-scale hydrogen production. [7][8][9] Although the platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and ruthenium (Ru)-based electrocatalysts exhibit excellent HER and OER activities, their scarcity, high cost, poor stability, and nonmultifunction severely restrict their applications, thus developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and good stability is highly imperative. [10][11][12] Besides, the electrocatalysts employed on both cathodes and anodes for overall water splitting are usually different since few electrocatalysts simultaneously show satisfactory activities for both HER and OER in practical harsh alkaline electrolytes, which leads to complicated process and equipment investment.…”

“…In water splitting system, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathodes and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anodes jointly determine the overall water splitting efficiency 5,6 . However, the large energy barriers of both half‐reaction lead to large overpotentials, which strongly hampers the practical electrolysis of water for large‐scale hydrogen production 7–9 . Although the platinum (Pt), iridium (Ir), and ruthenium (Ru)‐based electrocatalysts exhibit excellent HER and OER activities, their scarcity, high cost, poor stability, and nonmultifunction severely restrict their applications, thus developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and good stability is highly imperative 10–12 .…”

Hollow Nanosheet Arrays Assembled by Ultrafine Ruthenium–Cobalt Phosphide Nanocrystals for Exceptional pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution

“…Electrochemical water splitting has been widely regarded as an attractive technology for industrial hydrogen production. , However, it is still demanding to develop high-performance Pt-free electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) to replace expensive and resource limited Pt-based catalysts. , Notably, the pH-universal HER catalysts are attracting increasing attention considering that they can combine with efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for robust overall water splitting electrolyzers in a wide pH range. , Recently, some transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have exhibited impressive pH-universal HER activity, − but the performance needs to be further improved, especially in a neutral electrolyte for direct seawater splitting and mild microbial electrolysis . Furthermore, the proton exchange membrane-free electrolyzer in neutral media could effectively avoid the corrosion and environmental problems and reduce costs .…”

Multifunctional sandwich-structured double-carbon-layer modified SnS nanotubes with high capacity and stability for Li-ion batteries

“…45 Therefore, double carbon layer can not only block the direct contact between SnS particles and electrolyte, but also inhibits the volume expansion of SnS particles in the lithiation/delithiation process. The dual functions of packaging tin based sulfide volume change and stabilizing SEI layer are realized by using double carbon layers in the cycle, 46 so that the coulomb efficiency, cycle stability and magnification performance of N-DCSNs electrode are greatly improved. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement can further explore the reaction mechanism of N-DCSNs electrodes.…”