Regulating Inflammatory Immune Response to Atherogenic Antigens Prevents Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis in New Zealand White Rabbits

Immune regulation by oral tolerance induces alternate activation of macrophages and reduces markers of plaque destabilization in Apobtm2Sgy/Ldlrtm1Her/J mice

“…Although this therapy may not drastically reduce the plaque development it can induce a more stable plaque. We had earlier reported a reduction in progression of disease in rabbits, wherein at the time of treatment 12% of sinus was covered with plaque 30 , suggesting that immune modulation may still reduce the disease progression if treated at an early stage.…”

“…We have earlier established that oral treatment with the multi-antigenic construct AHC induces immune tolerance and prevents disease development in both mice and rabbit 18 , 30 . In the present study, we wanted to understand if tolerance can be induced in animals who have already developed the disease and therefore examined the number and functions of Treg cells in treated and control animals in mice with established atherosclerosis.…”

“…Earlier studies from our lab has shown that a multi antigenic construct expressing peptide epitopes from apolipoprotein (ApoB), Heat shock protein (HSP60) and Chlamydia pneumonia outer membrane protein (AHC) induces a tolerogenic immune response and reduces the plaque development in mice as well as rabbits 18 , 29 , 30 . In the present study, we wanted to understand the curative effect of oral tolerance to AHC protein on stabilizing the makers related to plaque destabilization in the double knock out (Apob tm25gy LDLr tm1Her ) mice model.…”

Inflammation: A Novel Therapeutic Target/Direction in Atherosclerosis

“…In the past three decades, the increasing research data suggest that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease [11, 12] and the immune system and inflammatory was gradually recognized to play a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis [13, 14]. Atherosclerosis is characterized by the accumulation of monocytes/ macrophages, smooth muscle cells and lymphocytes within the arterial wall.…”

Oral administration of recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis expressing a tripeptide construct derived from endogenous and microbial antigens prevents atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice

“…Antigen‐presenting cells (APC) in the gut selectively induce antigen‐specific Treg, which migrate and suppress damaging immune responses. We have earlier shown that oral tolerance to a combination of ApoB and HSP60 peptides and to multiantigenic recombinant molecule expressing a tripeptide derived from ApoB, HSP60, and outer membrane protein from Chlamydia pneumoniae (AHC) in a patented dendroaspin (DSP) scaffold could prevent atherosclerosis development in animal model of atherosclerosis . In this study, we expressed a multiantigenic construct containing three atherogenic peptides in an M. smegmatis secretory vector (pJH154) and explored the use of this recombinant organism in protection against atherosclerosis in ApoE −/− mice in C57/BL6 background.…”