2005
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.033
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Regulating Gene Expression through RNA Nuclear Retention

Abstract: Multiple mechanisms have evolved to regulate the eukaryotic genome. We have identified CTN-RNA, a mouse tissue-specific approximately 8 kb nuclear-retained poly(A)+ RNA that regulates the level of its protein-coding partner. CTN-RNA is transcribed from the protein-coding mouse cationic amino acid transporter 2 (mCAT2) gene through alternative promoter and poly(A) site usage. CTN-RNA is diffusely distributed in nuclei and is also localized to paraspeckles. The 3'UTR of CTN-RNA contains elements for adenosine-to… Show more

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Cited by 638 publications
(754 citation statements)
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References 53 publications
(47 reference statements)
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“…The predominant localization of HCN in tumor cell nuclei with frequent nucleolar concentration supports this hypothesis. One mechanism of nuclear retention of RNA is through A-to-I editing, post-transcriptional modification of adenosine (A) residues to inosine (I) (Bass, 2002), as in a described 8-kb poly(A) þ RNA CTN-RNA (Prasanth et al, 2005). However, we find no evidence of A-to-I editing in the HCN transcript (data not shown), suggesting other mechanisms for nuclear retention.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…The predominant localization of HCN in tumor cell nuclei with frequent nucleolar concentration supports this hypothesis. One mechanism of nuclear retention of RNA is through A-to-I editing, post-transcriptional modification of adenosine (A) residues to inosine (I) (Bass, 2002), as in a described 8-kb poly(A) þ RNA CTN-RNA (Prasanth et al, 2005). However, we find no evidence of A-to-I editing in the HCN transcript (data not shown), suggesting other mechanisms for nuclear retention.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 57%
“…This hypothesis was supported by the report that long dsRNA is subjected to A-I editing, which not only can lead to nuclear retention but also to hypermutations within the dsRNA stretch. 24,47 In this case, nucleocytoplasmic export can be induced by incorporation of the RRE but not the CTE into the message. 24 As bidirectional vectors ultimately produce two complementary RNAs (the genomic RNA and the message initiated from the mCMV) within the packaging cell this would be a perfect target for nuclear retention.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, splice sites might be created or deleted due to A→I editing of intronic Alu fold-back double-stranded (ds)RNAs, leading to the inclusion or exclusion of Alu exons 6 . c | A→I editing of a SINE fold-back dsRNA present in the 3′ UTR of CTN-RNA and its binding to p54 nrb might be involved in the regulatory mechanism that retains this RNA in nuclear speckles 81 . When cells are placed under stress, CTN-RNA is cleaved and de novo polyadenylated at an alternative site to release the proteincoding Cat2 mRNA, which is then translated into cationic amino-acid transporter-2 protein 81 .…”
Section: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (Snp)mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…c | A→I editing of a SINE fold-back dsRNA present in the 3′ UTR of CTN-RNA and its binding to p54 nrb might be involved in the regulatory mechanism that retains this RNA in nuclear speckles 81 . When cells are placed under stress, CTN-RNA is cleaved and de novo polyadenylated at an alternative site to release the proteincoding Cat2 mRNA, which is then translated into cationic amino-acid transporter-2 protein 81 . The factors involved in the cleavage and de novo polyadenylation mechanisms are unknown.…”
Section: Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (Snp)mentioning
confidence: 99%