Regulating Environments to Reduce Obesity

Hayne, Cheryl L; Morán, Patricia; Ford, Mary M.

doi:10.1057/palgrave.jphp.3190038

Cited by 55 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…This view was corroborated in a recent debate at the International Conference of Obesity held in Sydney where there was an overwhelming majority in favour of a more 'heavy hand' of government than that which currently exists across many different countries. Regulation can transform an environment in an instant 207 . It could be used to create leptogenic environments, in the same way that we now have smoke-free environments and clean water 206 .…”

Section: The Macro-environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proactively, public service announcements could be shown during children's programming to promote healthy eating and physical activity 210 . Changes to the physical environment may also help to prevent obesity 207 . More pavements, less parking, more 'park-and-ride' schemes, more parks, etc, may all promote a more active lifestyle.…”

Section: The Macro-environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in the UK, there are several such schemes, including the new Healthy Start Scheme, the continuation of the National School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme, and Food in Schools as part of the Healthy Schools Initiative. Compulsory physical education and nutrition classes in schools may also make a difference to the obesity epidemic 207 . The nutrition classes should include how to read food labels, as this will facilitate healthier food choices.…”

Section: The Macro-environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

Procter

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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Whilst the prevention of childhood obesity is the only viable, enduring, cost-effective solution to the obesity epidemic, effective methods for it remain elusive. Furthermore, strategies to influence obesogenic environments remain relatively unexplored. In order to be able to develop powerful population-level interventions and public health policies to prevent childhood obesity, it is important to understand its aetiology and those environments that are most amenable to measurable change. First, the present paper considers why we should be concerned about obesity in children, from both the perspective of the increased health risk to the individual and the high economic cost of treatment of obesity and related diseases, highlighting why the prevention of childhood obesity is important. Next, the determinants of health behaviour and the obesogenic environment are explored, which helps us to understand why the aetiology is so complex and that potential causal factors should not be considered in isolation, as the interaction between these factors is also important. The paper then considers the multi-factorial aetiology of childhood obesity and the rationale for the increasing trends in obesity that are evident, in order to understand what is changing in society and our children's behaviour that is triggering the positive energy balance leading to obesity. The review emphasises the need for multi-level approaches if we truly want to prevent childhood obesity. It also serves to highlight that there is a need to extend the current research base in order to build a well-founded framework to form the basis of a strategy for the prevention of childhood obesity.Aetiology of childhood obesity: Prevention of obesity: Obesogenic environments

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Section: The Macro-environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Macro-environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Macro-environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

Procter

2007

Nutr. Res. Rev.

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“…Unfortunately, opportunities for school-based extracurricular sport participation have declined in recent years [9,10]. Time constraints, school funding reductions, and increased competition with various institutional academic demands have all contributed to this decline [11][12][13]. Current policies for school sport structure and delivery imposed by these constraints may be diminishing opportunities for all students to participate in school sports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

et al. 2012

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Background School-based extracurricular sport remains an effective strategy to increase physical activity. However, school sport is often limited to a small number of elite athletes. Few schools provide more inclusive sport programs that offer a wider array of activities regardless of ability. Purpose The aim of this study was to examine school sport participation in middle schools (ages 11-14) with contrasting school sport delivery strategies (intramural vs. interscholastic). Methods Data were obtained through an online survey administered to students at four public middle schools (grades 6-8) in a southeastern US city (n02,582). Results More students participated in school sports at intramural schools. Boys were more likely to participate in afterschool sports at intramural schools. Low-income and Black children, two groups at greater risk of physical inactivity and other negative outcomes, had greater participation in intramural programs. Conclusions After-school intramural sports in middle school is a promising strategy for increasing sport participation.

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“…Some 50 countries, including Australia, The Netherlands, and Sweden, have eliminated food advertising to children. In the United Kingdom, children's television personalities and cartoon characters cannot advertise food products [47].…”

Section: Excess Caloriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Public Health Approach to Winning the War Against Cancer

et al. 2008

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The "war on cancer" in the United States has been viewed primarily as an effort to develop and disseminate cancer cures, but cancer is far more easily prevented than cured. There are three major approaches to cancer prevention: Primary prevention, through reduction in risk factors and changes to the environment that reduce human exposure to widely-consumed cancer-promoting agents. The most important actions for primary prevention of cancer are those that reduce tobacco use through taxation, smokefreeenvironmentpolicies,advertisingrestrictions,counteradvertising, and cessation programs. The World Health Organization's MPOWER package outlines these actions, each of which covered less than 5% of people in the world in 2007. Similarly, cancer can be prevented by reducing alcohol consumption through policies such as alcohol taxes and limits on alcohol sales, and restoring caloric balance through policies such as creating healthier food environments and engineering the built environment to increase opportunities for physical activity. Vaccination is an effective approach to preventing specific virus-associated cancers, such as using human papillomavirus vaccine to prevent cervical cancer and hepatitis B virus vaccine to prevent hepatocellular cancer. Secondary prevention reduces cancer mortality through screening and early treatment; this approach has been used successfully for breast and cervical cancer but is still underused against colon cancer. Progress can be made in all three approaches to cancer prevention, but will require a greater emphasis on public health programs and public policy. Winning the war on cancer will require a much larger investment in prevention to complement efforts to improve treatment.

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Regulating Environments to Reduce Obesity

Cited by 55 publications

References 20 publications

The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

The aetiology of childhood obesity: a review

School Sport Participation Under Two School Sport Policies: Comparisons by Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Socioeconomic Status

A Public Health Approach to Winning the War Against Cancer

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