Regulated cell death in glioma: promising targets for natural small-molecule compounds

Abstract

Gliomas are prevalent malignant tumors in adults, which can be categorized as either localized or diffuse gliomas. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and deadliest form of glioma. Currently, there is no complete cure, and the median survival time is less than one year. The main mechanism of regulated cell death involves organisms coordinating the elimination of damaged cells at risk of tumor transformation or cells hijacked by microorganisms for pathogen replication. This process includes apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, parthanayosis, entosis, lysosome-dependent death, NETosis, oxiptosis, alkaliptosis, and disulfidaptosis. The main goal of clinical oncology is to develop therapies that promote the effective elimination of cancer cells by regulating cell death are the main goal of clinical oncology. Recently, scientists have utilized pertinent regulatory factors and natural small-molecule compounds to induce regulated cell death for the treatment of gliomas. By analyzing the PubMed and Web of Science databases, this paper reviews the research progress on the regulation of cell death and the role of natural small-molecule compounds in glioma. The aim is to provide help for the treatment of glioblastoma.

Isocucurbitacin B inhibits glioma growth through PI3K/AKT pathways and increases glioma sensitivity to TMZ by inhibiting hsa-mir-1286a

“…Accounting for 81% of all CNS malignancies, glioma is one of the most challenging malignancies to treat effectively. Recent studies have underscored the utility of exploring active compounds in natural medicinal materials as a promising strategy for developing novel medications [ 7 ] . IsocuB belongs to the class of terpenoids, which have been found to interact with a variety of signaling pathways, such as the MAPK, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), and glycolytic enzyme pathways [ 27 ] .…”

“…60,000 years ago, plants were used as medicines, reflecting a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer activity. Numerous natural compounds [ 7 ] , such as quercetin [ 8 ] , isoliquiritigenin [ 9 ] , and lycopene [ 10 ] , have apparent efficacy in inhibiting tumorigenesis, inhibiting tumor metastasis, and controlling tumor growth. Isocucurbitacin B (IsocuB) is isolated from the stalked tips of melons in the angiosperm family Cucurbitaceae.…”

“…At present, the predominant approach globally involves maximal surgical resection supplemented with temozolomide (TMZ) and radiotherapy. However, this regimen generally yields a dismal [6] .…”

Leonurine: a comprehensive review of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and toxicology

“…Many metabolites in natural drugs have been found to possess high anti-cancer activity and low side effects. They act on many forms of tumor-regulated cell death, including apoptosis, necroptosis, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis, parathyroid hormone, entosis, lysosome-dependent cell death, NETosis, oxiptosis, alkaliptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfidptosis ( Han et al, 2024 ). LEO has a broad-spectrum anti-tumor capacity, which can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and migration and induce apoptosis and autophagy of various tumor cells in vitro and in vivo (illustrated in Table 2 ) ( Cao et al, 2023 ).…”