Regulatable and Hardware-Based Proof of Stake to Approach Nothing At Stake and Long Range Attacks

Feng, Xiaoqin; Ma, Jianfeng; Miao, Yinbin; Liu, Ximeng; Choo, Kim‐Kwang Raymond

doi:10.1109/tsc.2022.3201568

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Computational Timestamping. Almost all know proof-of-stake [ 51 ] systems face the problem of long-range attack [ 52 ]. In a proof-of-stake protocol, a group of stakeholders has voting rights proportional to their stake at any time.…”

Section: Verifiable Delay Functions Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifiable Delay Function and Its Blockchain-Related Application: A Survey

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The concept of verifiable delay functions has received attention from researchers since it was first proposed in 2018. The applications of verifiable delay are also widespread in blockchain research, such as: computational timestamping, public random beacons, resource-efficient blockchains, and proofs of data replication. This paper introduces the concept of verifiable delay functions and systematically summarizes the types of verifiable delay functions. Firstly, the description and characteristics of verifiable delay functions are given, and weak verifiable delay functions, incremental verifiable delay functions, decodable verifiable delay functions, and trapdoor verifiable delay functions are introduced respectively. The construction of verifiable delay functions generally relies on two security assumptions: algebraic assumption or structural assumption. Then, the security assumptions of two different verifiable delay functions are described based on cryptography theory. Secondly, a post-quantum verifiable delay function based on super-singular isogeny is introduced. Finally, the paper summarizes the blockchain-related applications of verifiable delay functions.

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Section: Verifiable Delay Functions Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verifiable Delay Function and Its Blockchain-Related Application: A Survey

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…It not only significantly reduces the computational power consumption of the blockchain network but also encourages all nodes to proactively maintain the system's secure and stable operation to protect their stakes [5][6][7]. Studies have shown that for a blockchain network utilizing PoS, launching a 51% attack requires owning more than half of the total stake, which requires higher cost than possessing over half of the network's computational power, thereby reducing security risks [8,9]. However, PoS does not address the increasing issue of centralization, as the generation of new blocks tends to favour nodes with higher stakes [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research of trusted real‐time electrical data transmission mechanism based on Parallel Proof of Work algorithm

Yiming,

Dongliang,

Yuxuan

et al. 2023

The Journal of Engineering

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Secure and reliable electricity supply is a prerequisite for the development of smart cities, and the trustworthy and efficient transmission of electrical data is the foundation for the safe and stable operation of the power grid. This paper introduces a real‐time data transmission blockchain technique based on parallel proof of work algorithm. The new block generation process of proposed blockchain is divided into five subroutines: hash pointer computation, real‐time data pudding, signature value iteration, interruption, block header assembly. The real‐time data pudding and signature value iteration are parallel processed, which brings the effect of decreasing energy loss of blockchain system, and enhances the speed of new block generation and the bandwidth of data storage on blockchain. Computer simulation shows the proposed strategy can be effectively applied in real‐time electrical data transmission application, raising the data transmission reliability with no harm to real‐time data transfer function. This strategy provides a solution to guarantee data transmission safety in the digital conversion of power grid.

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