“…If λ is a relatively small value, the inverted impedance strongly oscillates and is accompanied by trails like noodles in the presence of noise, and the spatial continuities of the inverted impedance are not ideal. So far, a variety of methods have been applied to determine λ (e.g., Tikhonov and Glasko, 1965;Hansen and O'Leary, 1993;van Wijk et al, 2002;Wang and Sacchi, 2007;Brezinski et al, 2008;Xiang and Zou, 2013). We decided the optimal λ value for the field data by testing on small-scale 2D seismic data, and it was calibrated with well-log data.…”