Regularities in the Formation and Evolution of Information Cities

Abstract

Abstract. In the real world, cities exist because of external economies associated with the geographic concentration of firms within a city. Of course, such a geographic proximity with input providers and consumers, would at first reduce transportation costs. But why cities, information cities, i.e. large agglomerations of people and economic activity emerge in the virtual world? In the Internet, transportation costs are zero. Web sites can easily be reached from anybody and everywhere with no particular cost. In these conditions of equal access distance, one would rather expect a smooth web geography with a relatively even distribution of visitors per site. However, the web economy illustrates strong agglomeration trends with a very small number of web sites capturing a large segment of the web population and the most of virtual economic activity. This paper attempts to provide a sound basis for the dynamics of population concentration in the web under increasing returns.

Parallel Agent-Based Simulation on a Cluster of Workstations

“…The simulation output is a sequence of statistic vectors containing numbers of visits per each site taken at every N th step. The simulation has shown that the distribution of users per sites follows a universal power law [1]. Note that the model is stochastic.…”

“…The "word of mouth" (WoM) simulation model is a stochastic socio-economical model that addresses the real-world phenomena of the behavior of the Internet population [1]. The model of time is discrete.…”

“…number of site visits) and the ratio of sites with that popularity, as well as the formation of clusters of popular sites are studied. Large-scale simulations with millions of model users may aid the understanding of the evolution of the Internet [1]. The simulator distributes data among workstations because of the memory consumption.…”

Parallel Distributed Algorithms of the β-Model of the Small World Graphs

“…If the vertexes 1, and 4 are going to be rewired concurrently, the edges (1, 2) and (4, 5) will be deleted. The possible edges to insert are: vertex -1 = (1, 2), (1, 3), (1,4), (1,5); and vertex-4 = (4, 5), (4,6), (1,4), (2,4). The edge (1, 4) can be added by both processes.…”

“…The sequential agent-based simulation environment can be found in [2]. Also, one of the implemented behavior models can be reviewed in [5]. The parallel environment is under publication [3].…”