Regularities and patterns in the spring phenology of some boreal trees

Linkosalo, Tapio

doi:10.14214/sf.647

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…This result supports earlier reports, which have shown that dormancy release in boreal trees is principally a temperature-dependent phenomenon (Koski 1990;Heide 1993;Murray et al 1994;Linkosalo 1999). Most studies on elevated [CO 2 ], which have reported effects on spring phenology of trees, have shown similar results (e.g.…”

Section: Spring Phenologysupporting

confidence: 91%

Elevated [CO2] and nutrient status modified leaf phenology and growth rhythm of young Populus trichocarpa trees in a 3-year field study

Sigurðsson

2001

Trees

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Young individuals of a single clone of black cottonwood, in Iceland, were exposed for 3 years to elevated atmospheric CO 2 concentrations [CO 2 ] in wholetree chambers at natural and high nutrient availability. No treatment effects were found at bud break or the start of shoot extension in spring. Autumn phenology was, however, affected both by elevated [CO 2 ] and changes in nutrient status. The time of annual growth cessation was linearly related to leaf nitrogen concentration, irrespective of CO 2 treatment. At low (natural) nutrient availability, elevated [CO 2 ] accelerated growth cessation and bud set, which reduced the period of active growth. An earlier and more pronounced leaf senescence and corresponding loss of photosynthetic capacity further decreased carbon acquisition in elevated [CO 2 ]. The negative [CO 2 ] effect on duration of shoot extension and leaf senescence existed, but was not as pronounced, when trees grew at higher nutrient availability. Improved nutrient availability extended the shoot extension period and delayed leaf senescence. It is suggested that trees grown in elevated [CO 2 ] altered their autumn phenology as an effect of a signal similar to that in trees growing at low nutrient availability, i.e. an imbalance between carbon and nitrogen sources. These alterations in autumn phenology may be important when predicting how trees will grow in a future CO 2 environment.

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Section: Spring Phenologysupporting

confidence: 91%

Elevated [CO2] and nutrient status modified leaf phenology and growth rhythm of young Populus trichocarpa trees in a 3-year field study

Sigurðsson

2001

Trees

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“…After chilling requirements are met in winter, cambial reactivation can occur earlier in Siberia under higher April temperatures (34), hastening the onset of xylogenesis (35); however, newly formed tissues can be damaged if followed by severe frosts (33), causing hydraulic dysfunction (i.e., freeze-thaw events) (36). A warm spring also may activate the photosynthetic machinery in crowns that are functionally uncoupled from roots (35), and sudden early-spring temperature drops may impair photosynthesis in boreal evergreen conifers (37). These mechanisms may restrict radial growth in high latitudes (38).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forests synchronize their growth in contrasting Eurasian regions in response to climate warming

Shestakova

Gutiérrez

Kirdyanov

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

143

137

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Forests play a key role in the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems. One of the main uncertainties in global change predictions lies in how the spatiotemporal dynamics of forest productivity will be affected by climate warming. Here we show an increasing influence of climate on the spatial variability of tree growth during the last 120 y, ultimately leading to unprecedented temporal coherence in ring-width records over wide geographical scales (spatial synchrony). Synchrony in growth patterns across cold-constrained (central Siberia) and droughtconstrained (Spain) Eurasian conifer forests have peaked in the early 21st century at subcontinental scales (∼1,000 km). Such enhanced synchrony is similar to that observed in trees co-occurring within a stand. In boreal forests, the combined effects of recent warming and increasing intensity of climate extremes are enhancing synchrony through an earlier start of wood formation and a stronger impact of year-to-year fluctuations of growing-season temperatures on growth. In Mediterranean forests, the impact of warming on synchrony is related mainly to an advanced onset of growth and the strengthening of droughtinduced growth limitations. Spatial patterns of enhanced synchrony represent early warning signals of climate change impacts on forest ecosystems at subcontinental scales. U nderstanding how climate change affects forests across multiple spatiotemporal scales is important for anticipating its impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. Increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration and shifts in phenology (1-3) could favor tree growth by enhancing photosynthesis and extending the effective growing period, respectively (4). Conversely, recent warming could increase respiration rates and, together with increasing heat and drought stresses, exert negative impacts on forest productivity (5, 6). Given the uncertainty as to what extent enhanced carbon uptake could be offset by the detrimental effects of warming on tree performance, the actual consequences of climate change on forest carbon cycling remain under debate. Notably, climate change has a stronger impact on forests constrained by climatic stressors, such as suboptimal temperatures or water shortage (7). As high-resolution repositories of biological responses to the environment, dendrochronological archives can be used to monitor this impact (8).The concept of spatial synchrony in tree growth refers to the extent of coincident changes in ring-width patterns among geographically disjunct tree populations (9). Climatic restrictions tend to strengthen growth-climate relationships, resulting in enhanced common ringwidth signals (i.e., more synchronous tree growth). Thus, regional bioclimatic patterns can be delineated by identifying groups of trees whose growth is synchronously driven by certain climatic constraints (10, 11). Previous synthesis studies have provided evidence for globally coherent multispecies responses to climate change in natural systems, including forests, with a focus on the role of increasingly warmer tempe...

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“…Birches usually flower between April and May in the UK. The flowering of birch trees typically occurs at about the same time as budburst (Linkosalo 1999) and before the leaves have expanded (Grime et al 1996). Birch trees are efficient colonists of disturbed ground.…”

Section: Betula and Likely Source Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are the birch trees in Southern England a source of Betula pollen for North London?

Skjøth¹,

Smith

Brandt³

et al. 2008

Int J Biometeorol

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Birch pollen is highly allergenic. Knowledge of daily variations, atmospheric transport and source areas of birch pollen is important for exposure studies and for warnings to the public, especially for large cities such as London. Our results show that broad-leaved forests with high birch tree densities are located to the south and west of London. Bi-hourly Betula pollen concentrations for all the days included in the study, and for all available days with high birch pollen counts (daily average birch pollen counts>80 grains/m3), show that, on average, there is a peak between 1400 hours and 1600 hours. Back-trajectory analysis showed that, on days with high birch pollen counts (n=60), 80% of air masses arriving at the time of peak diurnal birch pollen count approached North London from the south in a 180 degree arc from due east to due west. Detailed investigations of three Betula pollen episodes, with distinctly different diurnal patterns compared to the mean daily cycle, were used to illustrate how night-time maxima (2200-0400 hours) in Betula pollen counts could be the result of transport from distant sources or long transport times caused by slow moving air masses. We conclude that the Betula pollen recorded in North London could originate from sources found to the west and south of the city and not just trees within London itself. Possible sources outside the city include Continental Europe and the Betula trees within the broad-leaved forests of Southern England.

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Regularities and patterns in the spring phenology of some boreal trees

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Elevated [CO2] and nutrient status modified leaf phenology and growth rhythm of young Populus trichocarpa trees in a 3-year field study

Elevated [CO2] and nutrient status modified leaf phenology and growth rhythm of young Populus trichocarpa trees in a 3-year field study

Forests synchronize their growth in contrasting Eurasian regions in response to climate warming

Are the birch trees in Southern England a source of Betula pollen for North London?

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