Regular swimming exercise improves metabolic syndrome risk factors: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract

Background: In the past few decades, swimming became one of the most important physical activities within the health system and is considered a practical nonpharmacological approach to managing of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hyperlipidemia, hypertension (HTN), and obesity. The current study aimed to assess the effect of long-term swimming sessions on glycemic and lipidemic parameters, hemodynamic responses, body fat percent, and body mass index for patients with metabolic risk factors from Palestine. Methods: Forty participants from both genders with T2DM and HTN (aged 52.4±5.5 yrs) agreed to participate in this quasi-experimental study and were divided into two groups. The first group included the participants who performed long-term swimming sessions and the second group served as the control. The first group exercised for 2 h, 3 times/week in 29-33◦C swimming pool temperature for 16 weeks. Simultaneously, the control group did not participate in any exercise and advised them to keep on with their everyday lifestyle. All the obtained metabolic syndrome risk factors data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA analysis of variance (2*2) which was applied to determine the differences according group, time, and interaction.Results: The results showed that there were statistically significant differences at p < 0.05 in the variables of Total Cholesterol (TC), High Density of Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density of Lipoprotein (LDL), Triglycerides (TG), Blood Glucose (BG), Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Body Mass Index (BMI), and body fat percent according to group, time, and interaction for the experimental group.Conclusions: The findings of the current study suggested that the regular 16 weeks of swimming sessions could be considered nonpharmacological approaches in managing T2DM and HTN.

Effect of resistance circuit training on health-related physical fitness, plasma lipid, and adiponectin in obese college students

“…We investigated plasma concentration of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C after resistance circuit training for 12 weeks, and confirmed positive changes in all lipid profiles in RCG compared to those in SG. Previous studies analyzing exercise and blood lipid in obese people have emphasized that regular exercise considering intensity, frequency and time reduced blood concentration of TC, TG and LDL-C that lead to arteriosclerosis, and increased HDL-C level for vascular improvement (Doewes et al, 2022;Magkos et al, 2006;Omar et al, 2021). These results implicate that resistance circuit training may be one of the therapeutic methods for attenuating risk factors of cardiovascular disease in obese people.…”

Effects of Recreational Swimming on Women’s Psychosomatic Status

“…We deliberate on these works below. Omar et al (2021) investigated the impact of regular swimming on the improvement of risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Their hypothesis was that swimming activity has become an important physical activity in the health system that is considered as a practical nonpharmacological approach of assessing the long-term effects of swimming on glycemic and lipidemic parameters, hemodynamic responses, body fat percentage, and index in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension (HTN) and obesity.…”

Effect of Nocturnal and Diurnal Moderate-intensity Swimming Exercise on Increasing Irisin Level of Female Mice (Mus musculus)

“…In addition to the time factor, exercise intensity can also affect changes in irisin levels (Winn et al, 2017). Moderate-intensity exercise is relatively easy to do because it does not require great effort compared to high-intensity exercise (Omar et al, 2021).…”