Regular Exercise Reverses Sensory Hypersensitivity in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

Stagg, Nicola J.; Mata, Heriberto P.; Ibrahim, Mohab; Henriksen, Erik J.; Porreca, Frank; Vanderah, Todd W.; Malan, T. Philip

doi:10.1097/aln.0b013e318210f880

Cited by 259 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The results on neuropathic pain are particularly interesting since no studies on exercise for neuropathic pain in humans have been published to our knowledge; but rodent studies on signs of neuropathic pain confirm our findings. [10][11][12] Aerobic exercise on a treadmill improved signs of peripheral neuropathic pain in rodents and the effect depended on exercise intensity, but not on frequency. 12 In another study of signs of neuropathic pain in rats with spinal-cord contusion, treadmill training decreased allodynia, whereas swimming only had a transient effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] Aerobic exercise on a treadmill improved signs of peripheral neuropathic pain in rodents and the effect depended on exercise intensity, but not on frequency. 12 In another study of signs of neuropathic pain in rats with spinal-cord contusion, treadmill training decreased allodynia, whereas swimming only had a transient effect. 10 However, swimming was concluded to be beneficial for relieving signs of neuropathic pain in rodents with peripheral nerve injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a few rodent studies have reported effects of treadmill training and swimming [10][11][12] in neuropathic pain of central and peripheral origin where signs of neuropathic pain were reduced after the training period. These studies concluded that exercise is helpful for neuropathic pain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an exercise programme on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury—results from a seated double-poling ergometer study

et al. 2012

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Objectives: To assess pain relieving effects of an intensive exercise programme on a seated double-poling ergometer in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: Stockholm, Sweden. Methods: A total of 13 wheelchair-dependent individuals with a thoracic or lumbar SCI were recruited to a 10-week training period (three times weekly) assessing the effects of regular training on upper-body strength, aerobic and mechanical power, and crossover effects on functional performance, as well as cardiovascular risk factors. Eight of the participants reported pain and were included in this exploratory pain protocol and assessed using the International SCI Basic Pain Data set, the Wheelchair Users' Shoulder Pain Index and International SCI Quality of Life Basic Data set. Results: For those with neuropathic pain, median pain intensity ratings decreased from 5 on a 0-10 numerical rating scale at baseline to 3 at the end of study, and four of seven participants reported an improvement on the Patient Global Impression of Change scale. For those with musculoskeletal pain (n¼5), median pain intensity ratings improved from 4 at baseline to 0 at the end of study. All but one rated no musculoskeletal pain at all at the end of study and number of days with pain per week decreased from 5.5 to 0.7. None of the participants developed pain, because of overuse during the training period and few reported unwanted side effects. Conclusion: Considering its promising effects and safety, an intensive exercise programme can be tried for treating musculoskeletal pain and also neuropathic pain following SCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of an exercise programme on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury—results from a seated double-poling ergometer study

et al. 2012

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“…Stagg et al reported that exercise training on a treadmill ameliorated thermal and tactile hyperalgesia in spinal nerve-ligated animals; the effects of exercise were reversed by systemically administered opioid receptor antagonists. Moreover, exercise increased beta-endorphin content in the rostral ventromedial medulla and in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) [8]. Thus, exercise can activate the descending pain modulatory system via upregulation of beta-endorphin in the central nerve system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperalgesia in an immobilized rat hindlimb: Effect of treadmill exercise using non-immobilized limbs

Chuganji

Nakano

Sekino

et al. 2015

Neuroscience Letters

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Cast immobilization of limbs causes hyperalgesia, which is a decline of the threshold of mechanical and thermal mechanical stimuli. The immobilization-induced hyperalgesia (IIH) can disturb rehabilitation and activities of daily living in patients with orthopedic disorders. However, it is unclear what therapeutic and preventive approaches can be used to alleviate IIH. Exercise that activates the descending pain modulatory system may be effective for IIH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise during the immobilization period, using the non-immobilized limbs, on IIH. Thirty-six 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 1) control, 2) immobilization (Im), and 3) immobilization and treadmill exercise (Im+Ex) groups. In the Im and Im+Ex groups, the right ankle joints of each rat were immobilized in full plantar flexion with a plaster cast for an 8-week period. In the Im+Ex group, treadmill exercise (15 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week) was administered during the immobilization period while the right hindlimb was kept immobilized. Mechanical hyperalgesia was measured using von Frey filaments every week. To investigate possible activation of the descending pain modulatory system, beta-endorphin expression levels in hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray were analyzed. Although IIH clearly occurred in the Im group, the hyperalgesia was partially but significantly reduced in the Im+Ex group. Beta-endorphin, which is one of the endogenous opioids, was selectively increased in the hypothalamus and midbrain periaqueductal gray of the Im+Ex group. Our data suggest that treadmill running using the non-immobilized limbs reduces the amount of hyperalgesia induced in the immobilized limb even if it is not freed. This ameliorating effect might be due to the descending pain modulatory system being activated by upregulation of beta-endorphin in the brain.

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“…One among them is the endogeneous opioid system and release of peripheral and central neurotransmitters including beta-endorphins that play an important role. 26,27 Other mechanisms that may activate inhibitory modulating system are enhancement of inhibitory neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and norepinephrine 11 interactions with the cardiovascular system, 28 and the adenosinergic system involvement. 16 Pain threshold has been monitored to be increased consistently after exercise when the painful stimulus is electrical or chemical but less for thermal stimuli.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia Profiles for Pain Prediction in the Trigeminal System

Assiri¹

2017

World Journal of Dentistry

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the predictivity of exerciseinduced hypoalgesia (EIH) profile on pain severity produced by nerve injury in an animal model. Materials and methods:A total of 51 rats were divided according to the EIH model, which was evaluated by the percentage of withdrawal actions of 30 repetitive physical stimuli on the hind paw of the rat before and after 3 minutes of exercise on a treadmill, into high and low EIH. Left infraorbital nerve injury was then done on rats from high and low EIH groups. Pain assays as mechanical allodynia and mechanical hyperalgesia were evaluated in the ipsilateral and unaffected whisker pad before and 3, 10, and 17 days after the surgery.Results: Rats that were categorized as low EIH showed increased hypersensitivity and demonstrated significantly severe mechanical hyperalgesia in ipsilateral side 10 and 17 days after the surgery compared with the high EIH rats. Conclusion:The authors concluded that the pinprick behavioral assay (mechanical hyperalgesia) was able to predict chronic pain development in the area of the trigeminal nerve distribution using EIH profile measured at the hind paw of the rat.

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Regular Exercise Reverses Sensory Hypersensitivity in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model

Cited by 259 publications

References 30 publications

Effects of an exercise programme on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury—results from a seated double-poling ergometer study

Effects of an exercise programme on musculoskeletal and neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury—results from a seated double-poling ergometer study

Hyperalgesia in an immobilized rat hindlimb: Effect of treadmill exercise using non-immobilized limbs

Exercise-induced Hypoalgesia Profiles for Pain Prediction in the Trigeminal System

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