Regular cambial activity and xylem and phloem formation in locally heated and cooled stem portions of Norway spruce

Gričar, Jožica; Zupančič, Martin; Čufar, Katarina; Oven, Primož

doi:10.1007/s00226-006-0109-2

Cited by 129 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the influence of temperature on cambium activity remains equivocal. Indeed, the cessation of the division of cambial initials in late summer or autumn occurs at considerably milder temperatures than those for spring resumption (between +5°C and +13°C for gymnosperms, Rossi et al 2008), but cessation can be hastened by artificial cooling (Gričar et al 2007). This equivocal role of temperature results in the absence of clear altitudinal gradients in the timing of the cessation of cambial activity (Moser et al 2010;Oladi et al 2010;Prislan et al 2013).…”

Section: The Phenology Of Wood Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Delpierre

Vitasse

Chuine

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

212

192

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Abstract& Key message We demonstrate that, beyond leaf phenology, the phenological cycles of wood and fine roots present clear responses to environmental drivers in temperate and boreal trees. These drivers should be included in terrestrial ecosystem models. & Context In temperate and boreal trees, a dormancy period prevents organ development during adverse climatic conditions. Whereas the phenology of leaves and flowers has received considerable attention, to date, little is known regarding the phenology of other tree organs such as wood, fine roots, fruits, and reserve compounds. & Aims Here, we review both the role of environmental drivers in determining the phenology of tree organs and the models used to predict the phenology of tree organs in temperate and boreal forest trees. & Results Temperature is a key driver of the resumption of tree activity in spring, although its specific effects vary among organs. There is no such clear dominant environmental cue involved in the cessation of tree activity in autumn and in the onset of dormancy, but temperature, photoperiod, and water stress appear as prominent factors. The phenology of a given organ is, to a certain extent, influenced by processes in distant organs. & Conclusion Inferring past trends and predicting future trends of tree phenology in a changing climate requires specific phenological models developed for each organ to consider the phenological cycle as an ensemble in which the environmental cues that trigger each phase are also indirectly involved in the subsequent phases. Incorporating such models into terrestrial ecosystem models (TEMs) would likely improve the accuracy of their predictions. The extent to which the coordination of the phenologies of tree organs will be affected in a changing climate deserves further research.

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Section: The Phenology Of Wood Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Delpierre

Vitasse

Chuine

et al. 2016

Annals of Forest Science

212

192

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“…The length of the growing season is a determinant of xylem production; temperature and precipitation normally influence the annual growth of boreal conifers (Brooks et al, 1998;Kozlowski et al, 1991) because trees are active only from late spring to summer and become dormant in autumn in order to harden for winter . However it has been observed that precipitation has no effect on the wood features in black spruce in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean area (Krause et al, 2010), the main factor affecting xylem production in the northern area was the temperature, as demonstrated by several authors (Deslauriers and Morin, 2005;Gricar et al, 2006a;Gricar et al, 2006b;Oribe and Kubo, 1997;Rossi et al, 2008). Inferring the results of Lupi, warmer spring temperatures lead to earlier cambial reactivation; increasing cell production and delaying cell maturation in autumn (Lupi et al, 2010).…”

Section: Growth and Latitudinal Gradientmentioning

confidence: 97%

Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du bois de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (MILL.) B.S.P.) le long d'un gradient alti-latitudinal /

Calderon¹

2013

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RESUMEAu Québec, l'épinette noire est l'espèce la plus abondante ainsi que récoltée de la forêt boréale.L'exploitation forestière commence dans les régions du sud avant de se déplacer vers le nord.L'industrie forestière ne tien pas compte de la qualité du bois selon l'emplacement géographique du bois récolté. Selon la littérature, la croissance radiale devrait diminuer avec l'augmentation de la latitude, mais peu d'informations sont disponibles pour l'épinette noire dans la province de Québec. Encore moins d'informations sont disponibles en ce qui concerne le développement de la qualité du bois.Cette recherche vise à évaluer la croissance et la qualité du bois d'épinettes noires qui poussent le long d'un gradient alti-latitudinal, ainsi que les changements liés à l'âge, qui induisent différentes propriétés du bois.Dans cinq sites situés sur un gradient nord -sud, cinq arbres dominants ont été choisis dans chaque site pour l'analyse de la croissance, les caractéristiques anatomiques, les caractéristiques des trachéides, la densité du bois et la résistance mécanique. Toutes les analyses ont été effectuées à partir de la moelle jusqu'à l'écorce. La croissance a été mesurée de la base de l'arbre jusqu'au sommet. L'analyse de la dimension de la cellule et des caractéristiques anatomiques a été effectuée à 1,3 mètre de l'arbre sur un cerne sur trois. La masse volumique du bois a été évaluée à 1,3 mètre de l'arbre par mesure continue de la moelle à l'écorce. La résistance mécanique été évaluée couvrant la totalité de l'âge de l'arbre, sur une coupe prise entre 0.5 et 1 m.Les résultats nous ont montré que l'épinette noire présente une faible productivité à des latitudes plus élevées et des valeurs plus faibles de la qualité du bois en termes de résistance mécanique et de la masse volumique du bois. La longueur des trachéides était la seule caractéristique qui semble s'améliorer à des latitudes plus élevées, mais cela n'a pas été prouvé car l'âge des arbres recueillies sur le site du nord était trop jeune pour être comparés avec ceux des autres sites.Presque tous les paramètres évalués ont augmenté avec l'âge cambial, mais à un taux différent en fonction de latitude.Cette recherche a prouvé qu'au Québec, le développement de la qualité du bois de l'épinette noire n'est pas directement proportionnel avec la latitude, contrairement à ce qui a été observé pour les, espèces européennes. Aussi, le développement de la croissance radiale a suivi la tendance de la littérature en diminuant avec une augmentation de latitude. ABSTRACTIn Quebec, black spruce is the most abundant and harvested tree specie, forest harvesting started in the southern regions before moving north. Forest industries does not discriminate the wood quality which should be different in regard of their origin. It is stated in the literature that radial growth decreases with increasing latitude, but little information is available for black spruce in the province of Quebec. There is even less information with regard to development of the wood quality. {This rese...

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“…Moreover, in 2009 we sampled 70 years old Norway spruce trees, with a DBH of about 35 cm, which we used for heating experiments carried out in 2004 and 2005 for our previous studies (Gričar et al, 2006(Gričar et al, , 2007 in order to examine the possible relationship between heating effect on cambial activity and cell differentiation with tree age and thickness of dead bark in various tree species. Fig.…”

Section: Materijali I Metodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been demonstrated that the application of temperature in the period of either cambial activity or dormancy can cause alterations in its regular rhythm of periodicity and cell differentiation (e.g., Denne and Dodd, 1981;Mellerowicz et al, 1992; Barnett and Miller, 1994; Oribe and Kubo, 1997; Oribe et al, 2001; Gričar et al, 2006Gričar et al, , 2007Begum et al, 2007Begum et al, , 2008. The application of heat has revealed differences in the response of dormant cambium to treatments among different species of evergreen and deciduous habit (e.g., Oribe et al, 2003;Gričar et al, 2006;Begum et al, 2010); however, in all cases, temperature has been proven to be crucial for the onset of cell division and SAŽETAK • U radu je istraživan utjecaj grijanja (20-22 °C) i hlađenja (9-11 °C) The stem portion of the two trees of each species were heated with a 15 m long electric heat cable (FSM-17, 17W/+5°C, 11W/25°C, 230V) wrapped around 1 meter of the stem length.…”

Section: Introduction 1 Uvodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages

Gričar

2013

Drvna ind.

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We evaluated the response of active cambium of sessile oak (Quercus sessiliflora) and sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) to experimentally increased (20–22 °C) and decreased (9–11 °C) temperatures. Heating and cooling experiments on 150-year old Q. sessiliflora were performed during the growth season of 2007 and on 30-year old A. pseudoplatanus in 2008. In 2009, heating experiment was carried out on 30-year old Q. sessiliflora. For each treatment, two trees were selected of each species and sampled at 21-day intervals during the vegetation period and investigated by means of light microscopy. Continuously elevated temperatures slightly promoted the development of xylem cells in old Q. sessiliflora trees in the first month of cambial activity. However, no effect of elevated or decreased temperature was detected in the timing and dynamics of wood and phloem formation. The applied treatments, therefore, had no visible impact on the structure or width of the xylem or phloem increments in 2007. On the other hand, heating young A. pseudoplatanus trees provoked the development of epicormic shoots two months after the onset of the experiment and finally the death of trees. The cambium of those trees did not reactivate in 2008; xylem and phloem increments were consequently not formed. Low temperature treatments slowed down cell production at the very beginning of the growing season, but no alterations in wood or phloem formation dynamics or structure were observed later. The heating of young Q. sessiliflora trees caused the development of epicormic shoots and the death of trees four months after the experiment. The pattern of their dying was similar as in A. pseudoplatanus but with a two month delay. The observations indicate that tree age, thickness of dead bark and duration of the applied treatments influence the response of cambium. The development of dead bark is species specific and it occurs earlier in Q. sessiliflora than in A. pseudoplatanus. Thick dead bark acts as a very good insulation layer for the sensitive internal, living tissues of bark and cambium and therefore protects them against external abiotic and biotic factors

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Regular cambial activity and xylem and phloem formation in locally heated and cooled stem portions of Norway spruce

Cited by 129 publications

References 22 publications

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Temperate and boreal forest tree phenology: from organ-scale processes to terrestrial ecosystem models

Caractérisation de la croissance et de la qualité du bois de l'épinette noire (Picea mariana (MILL.) B.S.P.) le long d'un gradient alti-latitudinal /

Influence of Temperature on Cambial Activity and Cell Differentiation in Quercus Sessiliflora and Acer Pseudoplatanus of Different Ages

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