“…7 Second, our paper contributes to the literature assessing how the costs of monitoring, acquiring, and analyzing corporate disclosures affect investor information choices, trades, and market outcomes (see reviews in Lee and So (2015), Kothari, So, andVerdi (2016), andBlankespoor, deHaan, andMarinovic (2020)). In this literature, two financial reporting Wang 2019; Ni, Wang, and Yin 2021), information asymmetry (Gomez 2020), cost of capital (Lai, Lin, and Ma 2020), corporate tax avoidance (Chen, Hong, Kim, and Ryou 2021), and financial reporting (Liu 2021). 6 Bird, Karolyi, Ruchti, and Truong (2021) do not examine the benefits of modern information technologies or assess whether and when the benefits exceed the costs and vice versa.…”