Regression of human immunodeficiency virus‐associated oral Kaposi sarcoma with combined antiretroviral therapy: A case report and literature review

Abstract

Background Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus positive (HIV+) patients for which the primary mode of management was chemotherapy. Methods We have presented the case of a newly diagnosed HIV+ male patient who was diagnosed with a pedunculated nodule in the anterior region of the hard palate, measuring 3.5 cm in diameter and with 2 months of evolution. Results Histopathological examination confirmed the clinical hypothesis of KS. Soon after the diagnosis, the patient started using combined antiretroviral therapy (Biovir and Kaletra), presenting a significant reduction of the lesion after 4 weeks. With 1.5 cm in diameter, the lesion was surgically removed. The patient was followed‐up for 10 years without any recurrence. Conclusion In antiretroviral‐naive patients with a well‐preserved immune system, the use of cART may be efficient in reducing the progression of the KS lesions, thus avoiding the use of chemotherapeutic agents.

Anti-HIV and Anti-Candidal Effects of Methanolic Extract from Heteropterys brachiata

“…There are two precedents in this regard; both emerged since the introduction of protease inhibitors of HIV-1 (PI-HIV-1) to antiretroviral therapy and the consequent establishment of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) [ 38 ]. cART decreases the viral load of HIV-1 and has a direct effect on the treatment and control of other opportunistic infectious diseases [ 39 ].…”

Epstein–Barr virus oral shedding and viremia and their association with oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV+ individuals

“…However, EBV viral load was detected in blood and saliva (with both correlating positively to each other), and HIV viral load was correlated to saliva. The association between HIV noncontrolled viremia and salivary shedding of several herpes viruses has already been demonstrated elsewhere (Basso et al, 2018), and although this relationship may be multifaceted, some authors believe that the inflammation caused by HIV replication plays an important role in favoring the replication of other viruses (Franco et al, 2019).…”

“…This event allows opportunistic infections to develop, in which some of them originate from the reactivation of latent pathogens. The presence of opportunistic infections signals the worsening of the clinical condition with probable evolution to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Franco et al, 2019; Vale et al, 2016). In the context of HIV infection, the latency and reactivation of EBV are related to the development of malignant conditions, such as plasmablastic lymphoma and a benign lesion, called oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) (Chambers et al, 2015).…”

A case of Kaposi’s sarcoma of tonsil with profuse bleeding in an HIV-positive patient

“…The lesions which may look pink, 2 , 3 purplish 1 , 15 , 17 , 18 or reddish 15 may be macular, 3 papular, 3 , 18 nodular 3 , 8 , 10 , 15 , 18 or pedunculated. 19 , 20 …”

“…The lesions which may look pink, 2,3 purplish 1,15,17,18 or reddish 15 may be macular, 3 papular, 3,18 nodular 3,8,10,15,18 or pedunculated. 19,20 Numerous treatment methods have been developed like radiotherapy, laser, intralesional chemotherapy, cryotherapy (liquid nitrogen), surgical excision, and systemic chemotherapy. 2 Selection of treatment options depends on the extent and rate of tumour growth, disease stage, lesion distribution and evolution pattern, symptoms, immune status, and concurrent complications of HIV infection as there are no standard therapy protocols.…”