Introduction: Childhood is the period in which the process of human growth and development begins, therefore comprehensive care for children's health is one of the priority fields of action of the Unified Health System, since infant mortality is one of the indices that represent the quality of life of a population. In this context, the objective of the research arises, which is to systematically research in the literature which actions are carried out by primary care nurses aimed at monitoring children from 0 to 2 years old. Method: This is a systematic review. Results: The main outcomes identified in the studies were related to motor development, breastfeeding, weight, length, immunization, filling out the child's booklet, consultation routine, head circumference, family relationships, food introduction and Systematization of nursing care. Conclusion: Therefore, the services provided seek to provide quality of life, reduce health inequities and the incidence of diseases through childcare consultations, the nurse is able to assess the child in a holistic way, acting in a particular way in the reality of each child.