Registration of Two Multiple Disease-Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines Derived from Arachis cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory, GKP 10017

Abstract

Two tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) germplasm lines, GP‐NC WS 16 (SPT 06‐06) (Reg. No. GP‐235, PI 669445) and GP‐NC WS 17 (SPT 06‐07) (Reg. No. GP‐236, PI 669446), derived from interspecific hybridization, were developed in the peanut genetics program at North Carolina State University (NCSU), Raleigh, NC. These two lines were tested extensively by the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service from 2006 through 2012 in disease evaluation tests. They have unique alleles introgressed from the diploid (2n = 2x = 20) wild species, A. cardenasii Krapov. & W.C. Gregory. The germplasm lines are also unique in that they exhibited multiple disease resistances superior to the germplasm lines derived from A. cardenasii that were released previously by NCSU. Resistance to multiple diseases included early leaf spot (ELS), Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR), Sclerotinia blight (SB), and tomato spotted wilt (TSW). One of the lines, GP‐NC WS 17, also exhibited drought tolerance in field and greenhouse studies. Thus, it can be concluded that these two peanut germplasm lines derived from diploid wild species have multiple biotic stress resistances, specifically for ELS, CBR, SB, and TSWV, as well as abiotic stress resistance in the case of GP‐NC WS 17. These two lines should provide unique, improved germplasm for breeders interested in multiple disease resistance and in expanding the germplasm pool of A. hypogaea.

Utilizing Wild Species for Peanut Improvement

“…In the United States, 18 germplasm lines have been released from selections of these materials for early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori), nematodes, and several insect pests (Stalker et al, 2002a(Stalker et al, , 2002bStalker and Lynch, 2002;Isleib et al, 2006;Tallury et al, 2014). In the United States, 18 germplasm lines have been released from selections of these materials for early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori), nematodes, and several insect pests (Stalker et al, 2002a(Stalker et al, , 2002bStalker and Lynch, 2002;Isleib et al, 2006;Tallury et al, 2014).…”

“…The A. cardenasii introgression lines have served as a major source of multiple disease resistances for peanut, both in the United States and internationally. In the United States, 18 germplasm lines have been released from selections of these materials for early leaf spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola S. Hori), nematodes, and several insect pests (Stalker et al, 2002a(Stalker et al, , 2002bStalker and Lynch, 2002;Isleib et al, 2006;Tallury et al, 2014). Among these lines were selections for early leaf spot resistance, which had superior disease ratings to the most resistant A. hypogaea germplasm.…”

Major QTLs for resistance to early and late leaf spot diseases are identified on chromosomes 3 and 5 in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)

“…Besides these resistance sources from cultivated peanut, wild peanut relative A. cardenasii was found to harbor strong resistance to both ELS and LLS (Abdou et al, 1974). Introgression of A. cardenasii chromatin accomplished through a synthetic hexaploid bridge has led to the release of multiple ELS resistant lines including the male parent of our mapping population GP-NC WS 16 (Stalker and Beute, 1993;Stalker et al, 2002;Tallury et al, 2014). The same resistance source was sent to ICRISAT, India in the 1980s and used in breeding programs resulting in the release of GPBD 4 and ICGV86699 (Reddy et al, 1996;Stalker, 2017).…”

Identification of Smut Resistance in Wild Arachis Species and Its Introgression into Peanut Elite Lines

“…Deighton] (Moss et al, 1981;Wynne and Halward, 1989;Stalker and Wynne, 1979), Sclerotinia blight [caused by Sclerotinia minor Jagger and S. sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] (Isleib et al, 2006;Tallury et al, 2014), Cylindrocladium black root [caused by Cylindrocladium crotalariae (C.A. Loos) D.K.…”