Registration of <i>Cercospora Arachidicola</i>‐Resistant Peanut Germplasm<sup>1</sup> (Reg. No. GP 10)

Hammons, Ray O.; Sowell, G.; Smith, D. H.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1980.0011183x002000020060x

Cited by 13 publications

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“…These parents have been used by peanut breeders for various purposes. PI 109839 is known to carry resistance to early leafspot (Cercospora arachidicoZa Hori) (Hammons, 1980). It is fortuitous that it also transmits better roasted flavor to its progeny.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral Contributions to Roasted Peanut Attribute1

1995

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Estimates of broad-sense heritability for roasted flavorattribute of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) range from 9 to 24% on a single-plot basis. Response to selection is determined by the narrow-sense heritability, calculated from estimates of additive geneticvariance which are not available for this trait. One way to assess the additive component of genetic variation is to determine how much of the total phenotypic variation can be predicted from genetic contributions of ancestors of the individualsmeasured. From 1986to 1991, samples of128 peanut cultivars and breeding lines were obtained from peanut research programs representing the three major production areas in the U.S. Samples were roasted to a nearly common color, ground into paste, and assessed for roasted flavorand fruity attribute by a trained sensory panel. CIELAB L 0 color was also measured for use as a covariate in statistical analysis to adjust for small differences in color. The sum of squares associated with the 128genotypes accounted for 11%of the total phenotypic variation. Ancestry of the lines was traced back to 47 progenitors for which no further pedigree information was available. Eight progenitors made ancestral contributions that were linearly dependent on the other 39. Ancestral effects accounted for 53% of the genotypic variation, i.e., 6% of the phenotypic variation. Despite shortcomings of this 6% figure as an estimate of narrowsense heritability for roasted flavor, no other estimates are extant. The residual (nonadditive) variation among genotypes after accounting for ancestral (additive) effects was highly significant. Multiple regression modelbuilding techniques were used to identify 13 ancestors exerting significant effects on roasted flavor. Jenkins Jumbo, F231 (a cross of Dixie Giant with Small White Spanish 3x-2), and Improved Spanish 2B were the only ancestors among the 13 that were common to 40 or more of the 128 lines tested. Jenkins Jumbo was the single most important ancestor, exerting a negative effect on flavor (b == -1.25±0.19). Its progeny would be expected to have roast flavor scores reduced by Ibl/2 == 0.62 units and grandprogeny by Ibl/4 == 0.31 units. All but four of the 13 ancestors deemed important had deleterious effects on flavor.I The research reported in this publication was a cooperative effort of the North Carolina Agric. Res. Servo and the USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC 27695-7643. The use of trade names in the publication does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Agric. Res. Servo or the USDA of the products named nor criticism of similar ones not mentioned. Partial funding was received from the North Carolina Peanut Growers Association.2 Assoc. Prof.,

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestral Contributions to Roasted Peanut Attribute1

1995

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“…Nineteen peanut genotypes were selected for this study based on their reaction to C. arachidicola in India (18,19), USA (1,7,11,14) and Malawi (Waliyar unpublished data). Two local cultivars ICG 221 (TMV 2) and ICG 7827 OL 24), known to be susceptible to early leafspot, were included in the test.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screening peanut germplasm for resistance to the early leafspot pathogen is in progress in several areas ofthe world and genotypes with resistance or tolerance have been identified (1,3,7,10,11). Successful screening for resistance can partially be attributed to the regular occurrence of epidemics in those regions.…”

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Components of Resistance to an Indian Source of Cercospora Arachidicola in Selected Peanut Lines1

et al. 1993

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Cercospora arachidicola Hori is one of the most important foliar pathogens worldwide that limits peanut production in farmers' fields. Earlier screening trials allowed us to identify lines with field resistance to early leafspot, In order to determine the components of resistance of these lines and other lines reported to be resistant elsewhere, 19 peanut genotypes (Arachis hypogaea L.) were evaluated by the detached leaf technique using an isolate of Cercospora arachidicola from the ICRISAT Center in India. Significant differences were observed among genotypes for all components of resistance included in the study. With a few exceptions, early leafspot-resistant genotypes (ICG nos. 8298, 6902,6284, 1703, 10900, 7878,9989 and 10920) exhibited longer incubation periods, reduced sporulation, smaller lesion diameters and lower infection frequencies than susceptible lines. Genotypes ICG 8298 and ICG 6902 were the most resistant, while ICG nos. 221, 7827 and 6340 were the most susceptible to early leafspot. A few lines had resistant reactions to some components but susceptibility to others.

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“…arachidicola in North Carolina . PI 109839 has consistently been found to be the line with greatest resistance among cultivars (HAMMONs et al ., 1980 ;FOSTER et al ., 1981) . However, this line averaged 28 .4 lesions per leaf in three years of testing when ratings were done near the time of crop maturity .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilizing Arachis cardenasii as a source of Cercospora leafspot resistance for peanut improvement

Stalker

1984

Euphytica

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Advanced generation 40-chromosome hybrids between A . hypogaea (2n = 4x = 40) and a wild diploid species, A . cardenasii were evaluated for early leafspot, Cercospora arachidicola resistance and agronomic potential . The objective of this investigation was to determine if early leafspot resistance derived from a wild species could be incorporated into the A . hypogaea genome . Interspecific hybrid selections were made and then compared in the field and greenhouse to susceptible cultivars and to A . hypogaea lines which are reported to be resistant to early leafspot . Significantly higher levels of resistance were found in five hybrid selections than in cultivated lines based on numbers of lesions per leaf. In a greenhouse study, several hybrid selections also had greatly reduced sporulation from lesions as compared to A . hypogaea. Several mechanisms of resistance are believed to be present . Although hybrid selections had small seeds and low yields as compared to A . hypogaea, a new and valuable source of early leafspot resistance derived from the species A . cardenasii is present .

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Registration of Cercospora Arachidicola‐Resistant Peanut Germplasm¹ (Reg. No. GP 10)

Cited by 13 publications

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Ancestral Contributions to Roasted Peanut Attribute1

Ancestral Contributions to Roasted Peanut Attribute1

Components of Resistance to an Indian Source of Cercospora Arachidicola in Selected Peanut Lines1

Utilizing Arachis cardenasii as a source of Cercospora leafspot resistance for peanut improvement

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Registration of Cercospora Arachidicola‐Resistant Peanut Germplasm1 (Reg. No. GP 10)

Cited by 13 publications

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Ancestral Contributions to Roasted Peanut Attribute1

Ancestral Contributions to Roasted Peanut Attribute1

Components of Resistance to an Indian Source of Cercospora Arachidicola in Selected Peanut Lines1

Utilizing Arachis cardenasii as a source of Cercospora leafspot resistance for peanut improvement

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Registration of Cercospora Arachidicola‐Resistant Peanut Germplasm¹ (Reg. No. GP 10)