Registration of Four Leafspot‐Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines

Stalker, H. T.; Beute, M. K.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1993.0011183x003300050064x

Cited by 40 publications

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“…& Greg., and 10 were released cultivars. Several lines derived from interspecific hybridization have been released as disease-, nematode-and insect-resistant germplasm (Stalker and Beute, 1993;Stalker et al, 2002a, b;Stalker and Lynch, 2002. ) including one resistant to Sclerotinia blight (Isleib et al, 2006).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Virginia-Type Peanut Breeding Lines for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot and Sclerotinia Blight in the Greenhouse

Hollowell¹,

Isleib²,

Tallury³

et al. 2008

Peanut Science

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Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) caused by Cylindrocladium parasiticum and Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor are two economically important diseases of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the Virginia-Carolina production area. Developing cultivars with resistance to both diseases requires screening of new peanut breeding lines for resistance. Because field evaluations of resistance to these diseases often fail to produce usable results, greenhouse protocols were used to screen breeding lines and cultivars for resistance. For CBR, two seeds of a genotype were planted in a ''cone-tainer'' filled with a planting medium artificially infested with 25 microsclerotia of C. parasiticum per g of medium. After approximately 8 wk, the roots were washed and rated for degree of decay on a 0-5 proportional scale (0 5 no decay to 5 5 completely decayed). For Sclerotinia blight, plants were inoculated at 6 wk after planting by pushing a plug of potato dextrose agar (PDA) colonized by S. minor and protected from desiccation in a BEEM embedding capsule onto a freshly cut petiole on the main stem of the plant. Inoculated plants were placed in a mist chamber to maintain the high humidity necessary for infection. Lesion lengths were measured 4, 5, 6, and 7 days after inoculation, and areas under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) were calculated. All tests were conducted as incomplete block designs with six replications for CBR tests and four replications for Sclerotinia blight tests. Adjusted entry means were computed from each year's tests and used in summary analyses. Of the 125 breeding lines and checks tested at least once from 2003 through 2006, 51 were tested in at least two years, 34 in at least three years, and 15 lines were tested in all four years. Of the 15 lines tested in all four years, registered germplasm line N96076L had the lowest AUDPC for Sclerotinia blight (58 mm days), but had the greatest CBR root decay score (4.1 decay rating units). Several closely related breeding lines descended from a cross of N96076L and NC 12C were not significantly different from the most resistant line for either disease with scores ranging from 2.2-3.0 decay rating units for CBR and 63-99 mm days for Sclerotinia blight. Correlations of multiple-year greenhouse assay means with field disease incidence means were 0.83 for CBR and 0.35 for Sclerotinia blight. The greenhouse assay for CBR was a reasonably good predictor of field performance, but the assay for Sclerotinia blight was less reliable as a predictor.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Virginia-Type Peanut Breeding Lines for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot and Sclerotinia Blight in the Greenhouse

Hollowell¹,

Isleib²,

Tallury³

et al. 2008

Peanut Science

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“…Most of the introgression (88%) was apparently in the A genome of A. hypogaea, with the remaining 12% in the B genome. Germplasm lines have been released from this cross with resistance to early leaf spot, nematodes, and several insect pests (Stalker et al, 2002a, b;Stalker and Lynch, 2002;Isleib et al, 2006). The cultivar Bailey was released after utilizing these lines as sources of multiple disease resistances (Isleib et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introgressing Genes From Arachis Species To a Hypogaeamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of Diploid Peanut Relatives for Breeding and Genomics

et al. 2013

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Collection, evaluation, and introgression research has been conducted with Arachis species for more than 60 years. Eighty species in the genus have been described and additional species will be named in the future. Extremely high levels of disease and insect resistances to immunity have been observed in many species of the genus as compared to the cultivated peanut, which makes them extremely important for crop improvement. Many thousands of interspecific hybrids have been produced in the genus, but introgression has been slow because of genomic incompatibilities and sterility of hybrids. Genomics research was initiated during the late 1980s to characterize species relationships and investigate more efficient methods to introgress genes from wild species to A. hypogaea. Relatively low density genetic maps have been created from inter-and intra-specific crosses, several of which have placed disease resistance genes into limited linkage groups. Of particular interest is associating molecular markers with traits of interest to enhance breeding for disease and insect resistances. Only recently have sufficiently large numbers of markers become available to effectively conduct marker assisted breeding in peanut. Future analyses of the diploid ancestors of the cultivated peanut, A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, will allow more detailed characterization of peanut genetics and the effects of Arachis species alleles on agronomic traits. Extensive efforts are being made to create populations for genomic analyses of peanut, and introgression of genes from wild to cultivated genotypes should become more efficient in the near future.

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“…and w.e. Gregory in an intensive backcrossing program (Simpson, 1991).Several programs have released germplasm lines which have been derived from interspecific hybridization, including Simpson et al (1993) and Stalker and Beute (1993). …”

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“…This pathway has been used with some success in North Carolina (Smartt and Gregory, 1967;Stalker et al, 1979) and ICRISAT (Moss, 1985;ICRISAT, 1990). The program in North Carolina actually had a very fortuitous event at the first crossing, when they recovered a tetraploid plant from the progeny of the hexaploid (Smartt and Gregory, 1967;Stalker and Beute, 1993). The North Carolina program has released several germplasm lines (Stalker and Beute, 1993) from these progenies, but no cultivars to date.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The program in North Carolina actually had a very fortuitous event at the first crossing, when they recovered a tetraploid plant from the progeny of the hexaploid (Smartt and Gregory, 1967;Stalker and Beute, 1993). The North Carolina program has released several germplasm lines (Stalker and Beute, 1993) from these progenies, but no cultivars to date. The ICRISAT program worked with derivatives of the same original p~pulation developed by Smartt and Gregory (1967) with some success.…”

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Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

Simpson

2001

Peanut Science

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Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.e. E. Simpson! Colchicine F. hybrid 2n = 3x = 30 and diligence their success rate improved over the next five decades (Gregory and Gregory, 1979;Krapovickas and Gregory, 1994).The first peanut cultivars released from interspecific hybridization were by Hammons (1970) and Simpson and Smith (1975). Hammons released cv. Spancross in 1970 from the cross A. hypogaea x A. monticola Krapov. and Rigoni, which was the same source of cv. Tamnut 74 released by Simpson and Smith. Neither ofthese cultivars had phenotypic characters that could be identified as derived from the wild species. In 1999, Simpson and Starr (2001) released the first root-knot nematode-resistant peanut cultivar, eGAN. This new cultivar contains a gene for the pest resistance which was transferred fromA. cardenasii Krapov. and w.e. Gregory in an intensive backcrossing program (Simpson, 1991).Several programs have released germplasm lines which have been derived from interspecific hybridization, including Simpson et al. (1993) and Stalker and Beute (1993). Possible Introgression PathwaysThere are at least three possible introgression pathways to A. hypogaea, and they all have variations depending upon the objective ofthe program and the availability of germplasm (Stalker et al., 1979;Simpson, 1991 hypogaea that plant transformation will be the likely method to introduce genes into the cultigen. d) Molecular methods of "inserting" genes into peanut that have been modestly successful and include use of Agrobacterium spp., electroporation, and direct DNA delivery techniques such as the gene gun, whiskers, and sonication. No releases have resulted.Keywords: Amphiploid, hybridization, interspecific, pathways.The desire to transfer genes from wild Arachis species into cultivated peanut has burned brightly since the 1940s when both w.e. Gregory and A. Krapovickas first attempted to cross wild peanuts with A. hypogaea L. Their first attempts were unsuccessful, but with continued effort IColchicine treatment I Figure 3 shows a diploid/tetraploid route where two wild Arachis species are doubled with colchicine, then the two amphiploids are hybridized to form a tetraploid hybrid that is crossed to A. hypogaea, provided the amphiploid hybrid is fertile enough to make the cross. This pathway has been attempted (C. Simpson, unpubl. data), but to date has proven unsuccessful as an introgression pathway. High levels of sterility are the major factor limiting this technique. Figure 4 shows a third diploid/tetraploid route that in~olves crossing two diploid wild Arachis species, doublmg the chromosome number of the hybrid, then crossing with A. hypogaea. This pathway was attempted in Texas (Simpson, 1991) but, without both A and B genome types in the crossing scheme, the success is limited greatly because of high sterility factors.Some of the sections/species of wild Arachis are so greatly isolated from A. hypogaea that biotechnology will be the only available method to introduce genes from them in...

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Registration of Four Leafspot‐Resistant Peanut Germplasm Lines

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

Screening of Virginia-Type Peanut Breeding Lines for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot and Sclerotinia Blight in the Greenhouse

Screening of Virginia-Type Peanut Breeding Lines for Resistance to Cylindrocladium Black Rot and Sclerotinia Blight in the Greenhouse

The Value of Diploid Peanut Relatives for Breeding and Genomics

Use of Wild Arachis Species/Introgression of Genes into A. hypogaea L.

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