“…The earliest applications of transition-metal-free couplings can be found in pioneering work from the groups of Levy, [67][68][69] Negishi, [70,71] Suzuki, [72][73][74] Ishikura, [75][76][77][78][79][80] and others. [81][82][83] These examples showed that aryl and alkylboranes can undergo arylation processes by treatment with electronrich aryllithiums (e.g., 2-lithiofuran, 2-lithiothiophene) followed by electrophilic trapping (Scheme 21).…”