2018
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03220
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Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Bond Trifluoroethylation of Indoles: Exploration and Mechanistic Insight

Abstract: A selective palladium-catalyzed trifluoroethylation reaction of indoles has been developed. The C-H bond activation process, using CF 3 CH 2 I as the fluoroalkyl source, can be employed to prepare a variety of 2-CF 3 CH 2 substituted indoles. Moreover, because it displays a wide functional group tolerance, the process can be employed to synthesize CF 3 CH 2 -containing bioactive indoles through late-stage trifluoroethylation. The results of a preliminary mechanistic study and DFT calculations show that a β-dik… Show more

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Cited by 91 publications
(43 citation statements)
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References 67 publications
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“…Recently, Liu and co‐workers utilized this strategy for the selective C2 trifluoroethylation of indoles with commercially available trifluoroethyl iodide as the alkylating reagent (Scheme a). The reaction displays a wide functional group tolerance, and can even be utilized for the late‐stage trifluoroethylation of complex indole derivatives (Scheme b).…”
Section: C2 Functionalization Of Nh‐indoles and Nh‐pyrrolesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, Liu and co‐workers utilized this strategy for the selective C2 trifluoroethylation of indoles with commercially available trifluoroethyl iodide as the alkylating reagent (Scheme a). The reaction displays a wide functional group tolerance, and can even be utilized for the late‐stage trifluoroethylation of complex indole derivatives (Scheme b).…”
Section: C2 Functionalization Of Nh‐indoles and Nh‐pyrrolesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on the analysis of the aforementioned results and previous reports, a plausible mechanism was proposed in Scheme 6 (Langlois et al, 1991; Ji et al, 2011; Zhang et al, 2018; Khan et al, 2019). Initially, the t -butoxy radical, generated from copper metal, reacts with CF 3 SO2- to provide •CF 3 SO 2 .…”
Section: Mechanismmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…Furthermore, the Liu group reported an intriguing study on the direct C2−H trifluoroethylation of NH ‐indoles using palladium/norbornene system (Scheme 25). [47] This system is based on the Bach indole alkylation method [48] starting with aminopalladation of norbornene, and includes a β‐diketone ligand to accelerate the oxidative addition step. Through KIE ( k H / k D =1.1) and DFT studies, the authors proposed that the oxidative addition is likely the rate determining step.…”
Section: Transition‐metal‐catalyzed Functionalization At the C2 Positionmentioning
confidence: 99%