Regionally selective deficits in uptake sites for glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the basal ganglia in schizophrenia

Ultrastructural Distinctions Between Treatment Responders and Non-Responders in Schizophrenia: Postmortem Studies of the Striatum

“…Consistent with the imaging data, results from microscopy show a 10% decrease in cell www.intechopen.com number in the caudate nucleus and putamen (Kreczmanski et al, 2007). Neurochemical deficits include decreases in 1) uptake sites for glutamate and GABA (Simpson et al, 1992), 2) excitatory amino acid transporter 3 and vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGlut1) (Nudmamud-Thanoi et al, 2008), 3) enkephalin (Kleinman et al, 1985) and neurotensin receptors (Lahti et al, 1998) and 4) fewer interneurons that express acetylcholine (Holt et al, 1999). Several studies have implicated mitochondrial abnormalities in subjects with schizophrenia (Ben-Shachar, 2002;Ben-Shachar & Laifenfeld, 2004;Kung and Roberts, 1999;Prince et al, 1999;Somerville et al, 2011a,b).…”

Decreased Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase67 Messenger RNA Expression in a Subset of Prefrontal Cortical γ-Aminobutyric Acid Neurons in Subjects With Schizophrenia

“…20,21 Mean (SD) trough serum haloperidol levels (11 [3] nmol/L) were within the reported therapeutic range for the treatment of schizophrenia. 22 Each haloperidol-treated animal was matched to one control animal for sex, age (using bone dating and/or an assessment of developmental stage), and weight (haloperidoltreated animals, 3.8 [1.1] kg; control animals, 4.0 [1.0] kg).…”

Increased [³H]Tiagabine Binding to GAT-1 in the Cingulate Cortex in Schizophrenia

“…Within the relatively limited age span of the diagnostic groups, there was no significant correlation between age and the density of [30] found no differences in [ 3 H]nipecotic acid binding to GABA uptake sites in the cingulate gyrus, and both a decrease [31] and an increase in [ 3 H]nipecotic acid binding has been reported in the caudate-putamen in schizophrenic subjects [32]. [ 3 H]Nipecotic acid binding is, however, not as reliable as [ 3 H]tiagabine binding as a marker of GABA uptake sites in postmortem studies [18].…”