Regionally Distinct Astrocytes Display Unique Transcription Factor Profiles in the Adult Brain

Lozzi, Brittney; Huang, Teng-Wei; Sardar, Debosmita; Huang, Anna Yu-Szu; Deneen, Benjamin

doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00061

Cited by 51 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…1). These observations are consistent with previous data showing that astrocytes from different brain regions differ in terms of their molecular profiles and their responses to different stimuli [120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127] . For example, midbrain and cortical astrocytes were found to express different levels of glial glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) in response to corticosteroid stimulation 128 .…”

Section: Activation Of Astrocytic Nrf2 Signaling By a Red Clover Extrsupporting

confidence: 93%

Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson’s disease models

Jacquet

Ambaw

Tambe

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by nigrostriatal degeneration and the spreading of aggregated forms of the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) throughout the brain. PD patients are currently only treated with symptomatic therapies, and strategies to slow or stop the progressive neurodegeneration underlying the disease's motor and cognitive symptoms are greatly needed. The time between the first neurobiochemical alterations and the initial presentation of symptoms is thought to span several years, and early neuroprotective dietary interventions could delay the disease onset or slow PD progression. This study aimed at characterizing the neuroprotective effects of isoflavones, a class of dietary polyphenols found in soy products and in the medicinal plant red clover (Trifolium pratense). We found that isoflavone-rich extracts and individual isoflavones rescued the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the shortening of neurites in primary mesencephalic cultures exposed to two PD-related insults, the environmental toxin rotenone and adenovirus encoding the A53T aSyn mutant. The extracts and individual isoflavones also activated the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response in astrocytes via a mechanism involving inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and they alleviated deficits in mitochondrial respiration. Furthermore, an isoflavone-enriched soy extract reduced motor dysfunction exhibited by rats lesioned with the PD-related neurotoxin 6-OHDA. These findings suggest that plant-derived isoflavones could serve as dietary supplements to delay PD onset in at-risk individuals and mitigate neurodegeneration in the brains of patients.

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Section: Activation Of Astrocytic Nrf2 Signaling By a Red Clover Extrsupporting

confidence: 93%

Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson’s disease models

Jacquet

Ambaw

Tambe

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ramón y Cajal's seminal work identi ed two classic groups of astrocytes: brous astrocytes in the white matter and protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter. Recent studies demonstrate that astrocytes may have region-speci c characteristics in morphology [24], gene expression [25] and function [26]. Our study here discovers that Olig2, an oligodendroglia-speci c marker, is highly expressed in certain astrocytes within some discrete CNS regions, suggesting that Olig2 might be an important regulator of astrocyte heterogeneity.…”

Section: Astrocyte Origination and Heterogeneitysupporting

confidence: 58%

Region-specific Distribution of Olig2-expressing Astrocytes in Adult Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord

Wang

Sambangi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Olig2 is an important transcription factor essential for the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocytes as well as astrocytes and neurons during developmental stages. However, Olig2 distribution pattern and its relationship among different types of glial cells in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not well characterized. Here, we systematically examined Olig2 expression pattern in combination with major markers of neurons and glial cells throughout the brain and spinal cord in the adult mice. As expected, Olig2 is universally expressed in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but not in neurons or microglia. Interestingly, we discover a subpopulation of Olig2-positive astrocytes that are highly enriched in some specific regions including the olfactory bulb, thalamus, midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord. Moreover, OPCs have high expression level of Olig2, whereas oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have similar level of Olig2 expression. Our results suggest that a distinct population of Olig2-positive astrocytes are highly concentrated in discrete regions in the adult CNS. Investigating the functional significance of these Olig2+ astrocytes in both resting state and pathological state of the brain and spinal cord may broaden our understanding on astrocytic heterogeneity and functions.

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“…Ramón y Cajal’s seminal work identified two classic groups of astrocytes: fibrous astrocytes in the white matter and protoplasmic astrocytes in the gray matter. Recent studies demonstrate that astrocytes may have region-specific characteristics in morphology [ 25 ], gene expression [ 26 ] and function [ 27 ]. Our study here discovers that Olig2, an oligodendroglia-specific marker, is highly expressed in certain astrocytes within some discrete CNS regions, suggesting that Olig2 might be an important regulator of astrocyte heterogeneity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Region-specific distribution of Olig2-expressing astrocytes in adult mouse brain and spinal cord

Wang

Lai

et al. 2021

Mol Brain

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Olig2 is an important transcription factor essential for the specification and differentiation of oligodendrocytes as well as astrocytes and neurons during developmental stages. However, Olig2 distribution pattern and its relationship among different types of glial cells in the adult central nervous system (CNS) are not well characterized. Here, we systematically examined Olig2 expression pattern in combination with major markers of neurons and glial cells throughout the brain and spinal cord in the adult mice. As expected, Olig2 is universally expressed in oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), but not in neurons or microglia. Interestingly, we discover a subpopulation of Olig2+ astrocytes that are highly enriched in some specific regions including the olfactory bulb, thalamus, midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord in the adult mice. Moreover, OPCs have high expression level of Olig2, whereas oligodendrocytes and astrocytes have similar level of Olig2 expression. Our results suggest that a distinct population of Olig2+ astrocytes are highly concentrated in discrete regions in the adult CNS. Investigating the functional significance of these Olig2+ astrocytes in both resting state and pathological state of the brain and spinal cord may broaden our understanding on astrocytic heterogeneity and functions.

show abstract

Regionally Distinct Astrocytes Display Unique Transcription Factor Profiles in the Adult Brain

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson’s disease models

Neuroprotective mechanisms of red clover and soy isoflavones in Parkinson’s disease models

Region-specific Distribution of Olig2-expressing Astrocytes in Adult Mouse Brain and Spinal Cord

Region-specific distribution of Olig2-expressing astrocytes in adult mouse brain and spinal cord

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