Regional variation of snowpack chemistry in the vicinity of Nikel and Zapoljarnij, Russia, northern Finland and Norway

Reimann, Clemens; Niskavaara, Heikki; Caritat, Patrice de; Finne, Tor Erik; Äyräs, Matti; Chekushin, Viktor

doi:10.1016/0048-9697(95)05061-2

Cited by 54 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…5b). This is in general agreement with the results of other studies in Scandinavia and Kola Peninsula (Reimann et al, 1996), northeastern European Russia (Walker et al, 2003) and on drifting ice in the northern Barents Sea (Gordeev and Lisitzin, 2005). The enrichment of the snow particulate fraction relative to the Earth crust as shown by the Al-normalized enrichment coefficient (Figs.…”

Section: Dissolved Major and Trace Elements In Siberian Snowsupporting

confidence: 82%

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Шевченко

Pokrovsky

Vorobyev

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. In order to better understand the chemical composition of snow and its impact on surface water hydrochemistry in the poorly studied Western Siberia Lowland (WSL), the surface layer of snow was sampled in February 2014 across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient (ca. 56.5 to 68 • N). We aimed at assessing the latitudinal effect on both dissolved and particulate forms of elements in snow and quantifying the impact of atmospheric input to element storage and export fluxes in inland waters of the WSL. The concentration of dissolved+colloidal (< 0.45 µm) Fe, Co, Cu, As and La increased by a factor of 2 to 5 north of 63 • N compared to southern regions. The pH and dissolved Ca, Mg, Sr, Mo and U in snow water increased with the rise in concentrations of particulate fraction (PF). Principal component analyses of major and trace element concentrations in both dissolved and particulate fractions revealed two factors not linked to the latitude. A hierarchical cluster analysis yielded several groups of elements that originated from alumino-silicate mineral matrix, carbonate minerals and marine aerosols or belonging to volatile atmospheric heavy metals, labile elements from weatherable minerals and nutrients. The main sources of mineral components in PF are desert and semi-desert regions of central Asia.The snow water concentrations of DIC, Cl, SO 4 , Mg, Ca, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, W, Pb and U exceeded or were comparable with springtime concentrations in thermokarst lakes of the permafrost-affected WSL zone. The springtime river fluxes of DIC, Cl, SO 4 , Na, Mg, Ca, Rb, Cs, metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb), metalloids (As, Sb), Mo and U in the discontinuous to continuous permafrost zone (64-68 • N) can be explained solely by melting of accumulated snow. The impact of snow deposition on riverine fluxes of elements strongly increased northward, in discontinuous and continuous permafrost zones of frozen peat bogs. This was consistent with the decrease in the impact of rock lithology on river chemical composition in the permafrost zone of the WSL, relative to the permafrost-free regions. Therefore, the present study demonstrates significant and previously underestimated atmospheric input of many major and trace elements to their riverine fluxes during spring floods. A broader impact of this result is that current estimations of river water fluxes response to climate warming in high latitudes may be unwarranted without detailed analysis of winter precipitation.

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Section: Dissolved Major and Trace Elements In Siberian Snowsupporting

confidence: 82%

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Шевченко

Pokrovsky

Vorobyev

et al. 2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…There are high percentages of Sb, As, Se and Tl, as well as some Mo and Re. Many of these species have large sources on the Kola Peninsula from various industrial activities (Reimann et al, 1996(Reimann et al, , 1997Reimann et al, 2001). The As/Sb ratio is similar to that found on Kola Peninsula and the Urals (Vinogradova and Polissar, 1995).…”

Section: -1978mentioning

confidence: 48%

“…There are several possible sources surrounding Kevo including the Kirkens iron mine and mill in northern Norway, the iron ore mines and mills at Kovdor and Olenegorsk on the Kola Peninsula, and iron ore mine and mills in Gällivare and Kiruna, Sweden (Luzin et al, 1994;Basunia et al, 2003). Reimann et al (1996) found enhanced Fe concentrations in moss around these areas.…”

Section: Fig 2 Source Profiles For Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Matrix Factorization of 47 Years of Particle Measurements in Finnish Arctic

Laing

Hopke

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Forty seven years of weekly total suspended particle filters collected at Kevo, Finland from October 1964 through 2010 by the Finnish Meteorological Institute were analyzed for near-total trace elements, soluble trace elements, black carbon, major ions and methane sulfonic acid (MSA). The chemical composition dataset was analyzed by Positive Matrix Factorization using EPA PMF5. The entire dataset was modeled as well as three separate time periods, 1964-1978, 1979-1990, and 1991-2010. The dataset was split in 1979 due to a change from Whatman 42 cellulose filters to a glass fiber filters, and in 1990 due to drops in concentrations related to the economic collapse of the Soviet Union. Two factors representing non-ferrous metal smelters were found for all time periods. One factor was dominated by Cu and the other by Ni and Co. Each of the time periods contained a factor describing stationary fuel combustion with high percentages of V, BC, and nss-SO 4 = ; a ferrous metal factor dominated by Fe and some Mn; a biogenic sulfate factor; a factor containing the majority of Mo and W; and a factor dominated by Sn. The 1979The -1990The , 1991The -2010The , and 1964The -2010 results contained a factor for As and Re, and a factor with the majority of Mn and Cd, which were not observed in 1964 -1978 . The 1964 -1978 time period results contain three unique factors, a factor dominated by Ag, a factor dominated by Au, and a sea salt factor characterized by a high percentage of Na and Mg. The 1964-2010 period contains an Ag and Au factor as well. Ag and Au both have high concentrations in the late 1960s that decrease dramatically starting in the early 1970s. The increased uncertainty due to the high blanks in the glass fiber filters may account for the inability to determine a sea salt factor in the later time periods.

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“…Concentrations of dissolved elements in melted and filtered snow may be used to estimate deposition during winter [102]. However, total deposition can be seriously underestimated if particulates within the snow are omitted [85] [90].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies of the chemical characterization of the snow to quantify the contribution of natural or anthropogenic scales [85] [91].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Concentrations in Snow Samples in an Urban Area in the Po Valley

Telloli¹

2014

IJG

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Regional variation of snowpack chemistry in the vicinity of Nikel and Zapoljarnij, Russia, northern Finland and Norway

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Positive Matrix Factorization of 47 Years of Particle Measurements in Finnish Arctic

Metal Concentrations in Snow Samples in an Urban Area in the Po Valley

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Regional variation of snowpack chemistry in the vicinity of Nikel and Zapoljarnij, Russia, northern Finland and Norway

Cited by 54 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Positive Matrix Factorization of 47 Years of Particle Measurements in Finnish Arctic

Metal Concentrations in Snow Samples in an Urban Area in the Po Valley

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Product

Resources

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Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient

Impact of snow deposition on major and trace element concentrations and elementary fluxes in surface waters of the Western Siberian Lowland across a 1700 km latitudinal gradient