Regional variation and possible sources of brominated contaminants in breast milk from Japan

Fujii, Yukiko; Ito, Yoshiko; Harada, Kouji H.; Hitomi, Toshiaki; Haraguchi, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2011.11.022

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Verreault et al, 2007;Watanabe and Sakai, 2003, as cited by Fujii et al, 2012). HBB is not reported to be produced in Europe (Verreault et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated flame retardants (BFRs) other than PBDEs, PBBs, HBCDDs, TBBPA and brominated phenols and their derivatives. The BFRs that are the subject of the current opinion, were classified in groups termed "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Information on 17 emerging and 10 novel BFRs was collected. The information varied widely for these BFRs. There is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics, stability/reactivity and current use and production volume of all the emerging and novel BFRs. Due to the very limited information on occurrence, exposure and toxicity, the CONTAM Panel could not perform a risk characterisation for any of the BFRs considered. Instead, an attempt was made to identify those BFRs that could be a potential health concern and should be considered first for future investigations. For this purpose the Panel first evaluated the available experimental data on occurrence in food, behaviour in the environment and toxicity. Secondly, a modelling exercise was performed focussing on the potential of the emerging and novel BFRs for persistence in the environment and for their possible bioaccumulation potential. There is convincing evidence that tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate (TDBPP) and dibromoneopentyl glycol (DBNPG) are genotoxic and carcinogenic, warranting further surveillance of their occurrence in the environment and in food. Based on the limited experimental data on environmental behaviour, 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and hexabromobenzene (HBB) were identified as compounds that could raise a concern for bioaccumulation. For the modelling exercise, the CONTAM Panel selected two environmental characteristics, overall persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, as being most relevant to provide insight into the possibility that emerging or novel BFRs The less well known and less studied BFRs, subject of the current opinion, were grouped into two classes, referred to herein as "emerging" and "novel" BFRs. Emerging BFRs are defined as chemicals which are applied as flame retardants and that have been identified in any environmental compartment, in wildlife, in food or in humans. It should be noted that the definition for the emerging BFRs, used in this opinion, does not imply that there is evidence for an increasing trend in the concentration of these BFRs in the environment, in food or in human samples. Novel BFRs are defined as chemicals applied as flame retardants, with confirmed presence in materials and/or goods in concentrations above 0.1 %, but not identified in environmental samples, wildlife, food or humans. In total, information on 27 BFRs, of which 17 were identified as "emerging" and 10 as "novel", was collected by the CONTAM Panel, and it was noted that the available information varied widely for the various individual BFRs.In general, there is a lack of experimental data on physico-chemical characteristics and stability/reactivity for all the emerging and novel BFRs. This sometimes hampered ...

show abstract

“…Verreault et al, 2007;Watanabe and Sakai, 2003, as cited by Fujii et al, 2012). HBB is not reported to be produced in Europe (Verreault et al, 2007).…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Occurrence in human samples (including human milk) Fujii et al (2012) analysed HBB in human milk samples (n = 40) from mothers living in Japan. HBB was detected in all samples but one, with a median and mean concentration of 0.32 and 0.53 ng/g fat, respectively (middle bound approach, LOQ 0.05 ng/g fat).…”

Section: 75mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

2012

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Briefly, each sample was spiked with a known amount of internal standards ( 13 C 12 -labeled BDE-139 and -209, 13 C 12 -labeled PCBs, and 13 C 10 -labeled syn-DP), and hydrochloric acid and isopropanol were added. The sample was then extracted twice with a hexane/MTBE mixture (1:1 v:v), washed with aqueous potassium chloride (1% w/w), and then evaporated to dryness.…”

Section: Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of the decaBDE commercial product has also been banned in the EU and in some states in the USA [7,8]. PBDEs have been recognized as being ubiquitous contaminants, and they have been found in environmental media [9,10], wildlife [11,12], and humans [13][14][15][16][17]. PBDE concentrations in human serum have increased exponentially in the last three decades [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although they have been banned for decades, PCBs are still ubiquitous environmental pollutants around the world, and they have been found in environmental media (including air, water, sediment, and soils) Remediat. 2017;S1: [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and in human serum and milk [28,29]. PCB concentrations in human blood have been decreasing since the 1970s, mainly because of the ban on their use [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Polybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyl, and dechlorane plus concentrations in human serum, and their relationships with thyroid hormones.

Wang¹,

Xu²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Environ Risk Assess Remediat

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Persistent halogenated organic compounds, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dechlorane plus (DP), were determined in human serum collected in Weifang and Nanning, China, and the relationships between their concentrations and thyroid hormone concentrations were determined. The total PBDE (∑ 10 PBDEs), total PCB (∑ 14 PCBs), and total DP (∑DP) concentrations were higher in Weifang (medians 220, 4.3, and 2.2 ng/g lipid, respectively) than in Nanning (medians 180, 1.9, and 1.5 ng/g lipid, respectively). The donors' ages correlated with ∑ 14 PCBs but not with ∑ 10 PBDEs or ∑DP in Weifang. Age positively correlated with ∑ 10 PBDEs but not ∑ 14 PCBs and ∑DP in Nanning. The correlations between the individual PBDE, PCB, and DP congener and thyroid hormone concentrations were analyzed by stepwise multiple linear regression after log 2 -transforming the variables. Triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were associated with BDE-99 concentrations and ∑DP in Weifang but with BDE-153 concentrations and ∑ 10 PBDEs in Nanning. A positive correlation was found, for the first time, between anti-DP and free-T3 concentrations in Weifang, but free-T3 concentrations correlated with PCB-118 and PCB-170 concentrations in Nanning. Thyroxine (T4) concentrations correlated with total dioxin-like PCB concentrations in Weifang but with PCB-156 concentrations in Nanning. No significant correlations were found between the analyte and free-T4 concentrations in Weifang, but negative correlations were found between free-T4 and total dioxin-like PCB and BDE-190 concentrations in Nanning. No significant correlations were found between the analyte and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in Weifang but negative correlations were found between ∑ 10 PBDEs and the TSH concentrations in Nanning. The correlations between the analyte and thyroid hormone concentrations followed different trends in Weifang and Nanning but were similar to those that have been found in animal and epidemiological studies. AbstractPolybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyl, and dechlorane plus concentrations in human serum, and their relationships with thyroid hormones.

show abstract

Development of methodology for the determination of carbon isotope ratios using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry and applications in the biodegradation of phenolic brominated flame retardants and their degradation products

Xiong

2014

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

RATIONALE:Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis of phenolic brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and bisphenol A (BPA) has proven informative to discriminate their source and fate apportionment in the environment. However, because these compounds contain highly polar functional groups and exist as complex mixtures in environment matrices, derivatization is a necessary step, which adds additional non-analyte carbon atoms for analyses and may alter the original stable carbon isotope ratio. It is, therefore, imperative to gain an insight into the relationship between the δ 13 C values of the BFRs and BPA derivatives and those of underivatized BFRs and BPA. METHODS: The δ 13 C values of BFRs and BPA N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatives were measured by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). The δ 13 C values of the BSTFA reagent and the standard underivatized BFRs and BPA were determined using elemental analyzer/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS). The experimentally obtained δ 13 C values for BFRs and BPA derivatives were then compared with the theoretically calculated values. RESULTS: The derivatization process introduces no isotopic fractionation for BFRs and BPA (the average difference between the theoretically calculated and experimentally obtained δ 13 C values was 0.06 ± 0.15‰, within the precision limits of the GC/C/IRMS measurements). Therefore, the δ 13 C values for the original underivatized BFRs and BPA were computed through a mass balance equation. CONCLUSIONS: This work offers a novel tool to research the biotic or abiotic transformation processes of BFRs and BPA in the environment and will offer a perspective for the identification of the environmental source and fate of these organic compounds. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of organic compounds extensively incorporated into a multitude of products such as building materials, electrical and electronic products, textiles and foams to protect materials against ignition. [1] Among these BFRs, more than one-third are phenolic BFRs, including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP), 2,4-dibromophenol (2,4-DBP) and 2,6-dibromophenol (2,6-DBP), [2] with a total global market that increased from 130 000 tons in 2002 to over 170 000 tons in 2004. [3] Bisphenol A (BPA) has also been widely used as an intermediate in the synthesis of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and flame retardants. [4] However, during the production, use or dismantling of these products, a proportion of the BFRs can be released into the environment. Therefore, BFRs and BPA are of great concern because of their ubiquitous presence and recalcitrant persistence in various environmental matrices, including biota, and their potential adverse effects on wildlife and humans. [5][6][7][8][9] The biodegradation or photochemical transformation of these substances occurs once they are released into the environment. Among the various environmental t...

show abstract

Regional variation and possible sources of brominated contaminants in breast milk from Japan

Cited by 31 publications

References 37 publications

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Scientific Opinion on Emerging and Novel Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food

Polybrominated diphenyl ether, polychlorinated biphenyl, and dechlorane plus concentrations in human serum, and their relationships with thyroid hormones.

Development of methodology for the determination of carbon isotope ratios using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry and applications in the biodegradation of phenolic brominated flame retardants and their degradation products

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About