Regional Unconformities and Depositional Cycles, Cretaceous of the Arabian Peninsula

Harris, P.M.; Frost, S. H.; Seiglie, George A.; Schneidermann, Nahum

doi:10.1306/m36440c5

Cited by 41 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…This setting conforms to a classic ramp model, which terrestrial and near-shore marine, coarse to medium grained sandstones, grading into a very large area offshore of shallow water shales, which was a much as 500 km wide [62] [66]. The fine grained clastics grade eastwards into impure carbonates in the extreme northern part of the UAE, and marginal to the NW Oman Mountains [62]. The Nahr Umr and its equivalent is not a starved basin but a marine-shelf where the shallow setting led to continued reworking of fine grained clastic sediments during storms, with the development of multiple local unconformities of short duration [21].…”

Section: Probable Source Rocks (Regional Perspective)supporting

confidence: 71%

“…A thick wedge of alluvial-plain and lower coastal plain sandstones comprise the prolific reservoir facies of the Kazhdumi/Nahr Umr/Burgan sandstones of Iran offshore, South Iraq, Kuwait and extend to NE Soudi Arabia [65]. This setting conforms to a classic ramp model, which terrestrial and near-shore marine, coarse to medium grained sandstones, grading into a very large area offshore of shallow water shales, which was a much as 500 km wide [62] [66]. The fine grained clastics grade eastwards into impure carbonates in the extreme northern part of the UAE, and marginal to the NW Oman Mountains [62].…”

Section: Probable Source Rocks (Regional Perspective)mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Following a period of subaerial exposure in the early-middle Aptian, which lasted for approximately 1.5 MM yrs [62], the Albian clastics comprised the initial deposits of a mid-Cretaceous transgressive cycle in eastern Arabia. Eustatic sea-level during this time was relatively low [63].…”

Section: Probable Source Rocks (Regional Perspective)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Provenance and Tectonic Setting of Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Kazhdumi Formation Sandstones (SW Iran)

Noori¹,

Ghadimvand²,

Movahed³

et al. 2016

OJG

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Provenance and tectonic setting of the Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) sandstones in SW Iran have been interpreted on the basis of geochemistry (major and trace elements) of 35 samples from Iranian offshore oil fields (Soroosh, Nowrooz, Foroozan and Hendijan). Geochemically, trace-element concentrations, such as La, Th, Sc and Zr, and ratios, such as La/Sc, Th/Sc, La/Co, and Th/Co, of sandstones from Kazhdumi Formation at four localities indicate that they were derived from felsic source rocks and deposited in a passive continental margin. Most major and trace element contents of Kazhdumi sandstones are generally similar to upper continental crust (UCC) values. However, some samples are depleted in major and trace elements (such as K2O, Na2O, Sr and Ba) relative to UCC, which is mainly due to absence or smaller amount of Na-rich plagioclase and K-feldspar and also paucity of clay minerals, which is possibly due to intense weathering and recycling. Enrichments in Zr, negative Sr anomalies and Th/U ratios higher than 4 for Kazhdumi sandstones are further evidence for recycled sources. The study of paleoweathering conditions based on chemical index of weathering (CIW) indicates a moderate to intense weathering of first cycle sediments, or it may alternatively reflect recycling under semi-arid to semi-humid climate conditions in Kazhdumi sandstones. The results of this study suggest that the main source for the Kazhdumi sandstones is likely located in uplifted shoulders of a rifted basin (Neo-Tethys) in its post-rift stage (Arabian basement).

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Section: Probable Source Rocks (Regional Perspective)supporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Probable Source Rocks (Regional Perspective)mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Provenance and Tectonic Setting of Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Kazhdumi Formation Sandstones (SW Iran)

Noori¹,

Ghadimvand²,

Movahed³

et al. 2016

OJG

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“…Contemporaneous fluctuations in eustatic sea level resulted in the incursion of meteoric fluids (Hajikazemi et al, 2017;Mehrabi et al, 2018). The regional unconformity in the Berriasian-Aptian succession has previously been widely documented throughout the Arabian Plate (Harris et al, 1984;Hajikazemi et al, 2010). During this event, original metastable carbonate components were stabilized or dissolved; the event was thus accompanied by calcite cementation and the generation of secondary porosity.…”

Section: Conditions During Eogenesismentioning

confidence: 91%

Pre‐, Syn‐ and Post‐tectonic Diagenetic Evolution of a Carbonate Reservoir: A Case Study of the Lower Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Foldbelt, Sw Iran

Keyvani,

Al‐Aasm,

Mansurbeg

et al. 2023

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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Lower Cretaceous carbonates of the Fahliyan Formation form prolific reservoir rocks at oilfields in the Dezful Embayment, central Zagros fold‐thrust belt, SW Iran. The carbonates have undergone significant diagenetic alteration in phases which can in general be linked to the pre‐, syn‐ and post‐tectonic evolution of the fold‐thrust belt. This paper investigates the impact of diagenetic processes on the reservoir quality of the carbonates using integrated petrographic, geochemical and sedimentological analyses of subsurface and outcrop samples of the formation. Diagenetic alterations include:(i) pre‐tectonic eogenesis in the marine and shallow‐burial realm, which resulted in micritization of allochems and cementation by equant and isopachous calcite rims and framboidal pyrite together with limited dolomitization and dissolution of metastable bioclasts. The isotopic compositions of micrite and early calcite cement depart from postulated values of Lower Cretaceous marine carbonates, signifying early stabilization of precursor metastable carbonate minerals and the possible effects of the incursion of meteoric waters and/or increasing burial temperatures;(ii) mesogenesis during the subsequent syn‐tectonic phase, which included Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction at the northern margin of the Arabian Plate and the later Zagros orogeny in the Miocene‐Pliocene. Diagenetic modifications included the emplacement of hydrocarbons, the development of stylolites and fractures, and the precipitation of saddle dolomite, replacive rhombic dolomite, discrete pyrite, microcrystalline quartz, kaolin and anhydrite. The average stable isotope compositions of saddle dolomite (δ18O: ‐6.9 ‰ ± .9 and δ13C 0.5 ‰ ± 1.6, respectively) also reflects the influence of high temprature basinal fluids;and (iii) “late” (telogenetic, post‐tectonic) uplift‐related modification starting in the Pliocene, when the incursion of meteoric waters resulted in the formation of vugs, the calcitization of dolomite, and cementation by fracture‐filling blocky calcite. The negative δ18O and δ13C stable isotope values (average: ‐5.5 ‰ ± 1.5; and ‐3.6 ‰ ± 5.9, respectively) of late blocky calcite cement suggest the incursion of meteoric water into the system.This study demonstrates that diagenetic processes in carbonates in the Fahliyan Formation, which exerted a significant control on the distribution of secondary porosity, can be related to the tectonic evolution of the central Zagros fold‐thrust belt. Thus, constraining the diagenetic history of carbonate successions within the context of their wider tectonic evolution is important for the prediction of the spatial and temporal distribution of reservoir quality.

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“…The Turonian is associated with uplift across the southern part of the Arabian Plate, and a major erosional unconformity in the mid-Turonian (Harris et al, 1984;Droste and Van Steenwinkel, 2004;Ghabeishavi et al, 2009Ghabeishavi et al, , 2010 forms the top of the early-mid Cretaceous AP8 tectonostratigraphic megasequence of Sharland et al (2001). This unconformity marks a transition from a passive to an active margin along the eastern edge of the Arabian Plate.…”

Section: Turonianmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequence Stratigraphy, Palaeogeography and Petroleum Plays of the Cenomanian – Turonian Succession of the Arabian Plate: An Updated Synthesis

Bromhead

Buchem

Simmons

et al. 2022

Journal of Petroleum Geology

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The Cenomanian -Turonian succession of the Arabian Plate By contrast in the Najaf intrashelf basin (Iraq), there is a significant siliciclastic component sourced from the Arabian Shield. This influx resulted in a mixed carbonatesiliciclastic ramp depositional system on the proximal, western margin of the basin, and an apparent absence of organic-rich intervals within the central basin succession. Grainy carbonate reservoir rocks are restricted to the eastern margin and are charged by older source rocks within the underlying stratigraphy.The GDE maps record the configuration of these petroleum systems elements within the Cenomanian-Turonian interval and form the basis for play screening. The Cenomanian-Turonian interval is punctuated by the major mid-Turonian unconformity which is a tectonostratigraphic boundary of considerable geological and economic significance. In the southern and eastern part of the Arabian Plate, this unconformity has a differential erosion profile that facilitates a subcrop play with exploration potential. Identifying subtle stratigraphic traps is challenging, but by combining GDE facies with the mapped preservation limit for each sequence, it is possible to identify areas where rudist-rich reservoir facies with potential karst enhancement are overlain by a regional claystone seal, high-grading areas with subcrop trap potential.

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Regional Unconformities and Depositional Cycles, Cretaceous of the Arabian Peninsula

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Provenance and Tectonic Setting of Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Kazhdumi Formation Sandstones (SW Iran)

Provenance and Tectonic Setting of Late Lower Cretaceous (Albian) Kazhdumi Formation Sandstones (SW Iran)

Pre‐, Syn‐ and Post‐tectonic Diagenetic Evolution of a Carbonate Reservoir: A Case Study of the Lower Cretaceous Fahliyan Formation in the Dezful Embayment, Zagros Foldbelt, Sw Iran

Sequence Stratigraphy, Palaeogeography and Petroleum Plays of the Cenomanian – Turonian Succession of the Arabian Plate: An Updated Synthesis

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