Regional Typology Approach in Education Quality in West Java Based on Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Economic Structure

Abstract

West Java is the province in Indonesia with the highest population and has a location close to the capital. However, the condition of education in West Java is generally still low. This is estimated because there are imbalances between districts / cities. The research objective is to get a clear picture of the condition of education in West Java by using secondary data issued by the Central Statistics Agency. The research method uses descriptive analysis, with analysis tools of regional typology. The division of regional typologies from the two indicators produces four regional terms, namely developed regions, developed regions constrained, potential areas to develop, and disadvantaged areas. Based on the indicators of education quality and life expectancy in 2017, from 27 municipal districts in West Java there were 33.3% in developed regions, 18.52% in developed regions were constrained, 7.4% in potential developing regions, and 40.74 % in disadvantaged areas. Bandung and Bekasi regencies are included in developed regions. While the cities of Banjar and Tasikmalaya include potential developing regions. Regional division with three indicators, namely the average length of school, Location Quation, and life expectancy. This division produces three filled quadrants. Quadrant I has 29.6%, quadrant III has 18.5%, and the remaining 51.9% is in quadrant IV. The results of this regional typology show that there are imbalances in education and public health.

Exploring Education Gini on a Smaller Scale: How Education Inequality Differs among Districts

“…To evaluate the disparities in education among regions, we focus on the 27 districts in West Java, Indonesia. There are several considerations to examine the condition in West Java instead of other provinces, as expressed by Hendajany and Rizal (2019). First, with West Java having the largest portion of population in Indonesia relative to other provinces, the condition in West Java can considerably affect the national situation.…”

“…Second, as West Java is located next to the country's capital, this province is expected to act as a buffer for the capital. Lastly, there is an interesting fact that despite the strategic location and the continuing development programs, the HDI score for West Java is relatively small, compared to the average value of other provinces in Indonesia (Hendajany & Rizal, 2019;Saifuddin, 2014).…”

“…Furthermore, West Java also has both agricultural and non-agricultural districts. As explored by Hendajany and Rizal (2019), 14 out of 27 districts in West Java is classified as agricultural, while the remaining 13 districts are non-agricultural. These classifications that separate regencies and municipalities as well as agricultural and non-agricultural districts will be one of the highlights of this study.…”

“…The majority of agricultural areas in the southern part of West Java have limited income. The allocation of consumption from income is 55% for agricultural areas while for urban areas only 45% is used for consumption (Hendajany & Rizal, 2019). This has a consequence, in the agricultural area, further education is less of a priority because of the low income constraint and dominantly allocated for consumption.…”

Determinants of Regency/City Typology Based on HDI Indicators: Case from West Java, Indonesia

“…Researchers look at educational inequality from the analysis of regional typologies by adopting the Klassen typology using indicators of the average length of schooling and the division of agricultural and non-agricultural base regions. The classification of agricultural and non-agricultural base areas is based on the Location Quotation (LQ) value (Hendajany & Rizal, 2019;Jijiao Jiang & Junheng Cheng, 2012;Pradana et al, 2019;Sukmawani et al, 2014).…”