Regional to global scale atmospheric effects of the emerging mainland Chinese transportation system

Abstract

Los Ahmos National Laboratory, an affirmative actlordequal opportunity employer. Is operated by the Unhrerslty of Californh for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract W-7405-ENG-36. By acceptanoe ot thls article. the publisher recognizes that the U.S. Government retains a nonexciuske, royallyfree llcense to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or to allow others to do so, for US. Government purposes. Los Alamos National Laboratory requests that the publlsher Identify thls article as work performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy. Los Alamos National Laboratory strongly Supports academlc freedom and a researcher's right to publish; as an institution. however, the Laboratory does not endorse the vlewpoinl 01 a publicatbn or guarantee its technical correctness. FormB36(la86) ST 2629 DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as a n account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or resporm'bnity for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disdosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

Motorization of China implies changes in Pacific air chemistry and primary production

“…NRC, 1992; Michaels et al, 1993). We have recently modeled the increases in tropospheric ozone which could result from a large Chinese fleet implementation (Elliott et al, 1997). Here we condense results from the ozone simulations and couple them with an examination of overall Pacific chemistry issues.…”

ENERGY ANDMATERIALFLOWTHROUGH THEURBANECOSYSTEM

“…Modernization of the highway network linking Chinese urban centers is currently a major engineering project (76,172). Suspension of large quantities of iron-bearing dust may occur before an updated road system can be built (140,177). Acidity attributable to coal burning provides a reducing environment, which promotes conversion of iron to bioavailable forms (141,163).…”

The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing—concentration, composition, distribution and sources

“…While several measures in controlling the air pollution in Beijing have been executed since 1990s, such as the use of low-sulfur coal, the partial replacement of coal with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas, the phase out of leaded gasoline, and the move-out of those highly polluted industry from the city, the air-borne particulate stays at a much higher level than the national air quality standard, as the automobile exhaust has sharply increased since the past decade (Elliott et al, 1997) and coal burning has still been the major energy source. Moreover, Beijing is located in the downwind of Asian dust, which carries those mineral aerosols mixed with pollutants on the pathway and invades Beijing all the time.…”