Regional Temporal and Spatial Trends in Drought and Flood Disasters in China and Assessment of Economic Losses in Recent Years

Yan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

The Huang-huai-hai River Basin is one of the most economically developed areas, but is also heavily impacted by drought and flood disasters. Research on the precipitation feature of the Huang-huai-hai River Basin is of great importance to the further discussion of the cause of flood disaster. Based on the selected meteorological stations of the study area from 1961–2016, the inverse distance weighting method was used to get daily precipitation grid data. Interannual variation of precipitation intensity and cover area of different precipitation classes was analyzed. The generalized extreme-value distribution method was used to analyze the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation. The results show that: (1) decrease of accumulated precipitation in light precipitation year and moderate precipitation year might be the reason why the precipitation in the whole basin decreased, but the coefficient of variation (CV) of different classes of precipitation and precipitation days does not change significantly; (2) since the cover area of precipitation > 50 mm and precipitation intensity both decreased, the extreme precipitation of the whole basin may be decreasing; (3) extreme precipitation mainly occurred in the loess plateau in the northeast of Huang-huai-hai River Basin, Dabieshan in the middle of Huang-huai-hai River Basin and other areas.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Precipitation in Huang-Huai-Hai River Basin between 1961 to 2016, China

Yan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

“…The sensitivity analysis of the flash floods to GDP is important for sustainable socioeconomic development. The phenomenon of sensitivity rising can influence many development issues, including an imbalance in regional structures and tourism damage [61,62]. The results of our sensitivity analysis showed that all regions were non-sensitive during 1995-2000 (Figure 7a).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysis Of the Flash Floods To Economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 89%

The Spatiotemporal Distribution of Flash Floods and Analysis of Partition Driving Forces in Yunnan Province

Xiong

Cheng

et al. 2019

Sustainability

Flash floods are one of the most serious natural disasters, and have a significant impact on economic development. In this study, we employed the spatiotemporal analysis method to measure the spatial–temporal distribution of flash floods and examined the relationship between flash floods and driving factors in different subregions of landcover. Furthermore, we analyzed the response of flash floods on the economic development by sensitivity analysis. The results indicated that the number of flash floods occurring annually increased gradually from 1949 to 2015, and regions with a high quantity of flash floods were concentrated in Zhaotong, Qujing, Kunming, Yuxi, Chuxiong, Dali, and Baoshan. Specifically, precipitation and elevation had a more significant effect on flash floods in the settlement than in other subregions, with a high r (Pearson’s correlation coefficient) value of 0.675, 0.674, 0.593, 0.519, and 0.395 for the 10 min precipitation in 20-year return period, elevation, 60 min precipitation in 20-year return period, 24 h precipitation in 20-year return period, and 6 h precipitation in 20-year return period, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that the Kunming had the highest sensitivity (S = 21.86) during 2000–2005. Based on the research results, we should focus on heavy precipitation events for flash flood prevention and forecasting in the short term; but human activities and ecosystem vulnerability should be controlled over the long term.

“…Among the various adverse effects of drought, its influence on agriculture is the most significant and direct. In China, annual direct economic losses to agriculture from drought were approximately 32 billion yuan in the period from 1949 to 2013 (Chou et al 2019). Under drought stress, plants display various morphological (e.g., reduced leaf area), physiological (e.g., water-use efficiency and stomatal movement), and biochemical (e.g., accumulation of osmolytes and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) characteristics (Fang & Xiong 2015).…”

Section: Improved Drought Stress Tolerance In Higher Plants Using Thementioning

confidence: 99%

CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants

Hyun

2020

Bot Serb

Climate change is affecting agriculture in a number of ways, such as changing water distribution, daily temperatures and salinity patterns. In this regard, plant breeding innovations and genetic engineering approaches to improve abiotic stress tolerance are necessary to avoid a decline in crop yields caused by climate change during the 21st century. In the last few years, genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system has attracted attention as a powerful tool that can generate hereditary mutations. So far, only a few studies using the CRISPR/Cas system have been reported to improve abiotic stress tolerance, but they have clearly suggested its effective role for future applications in molecular breeding to improve abiotic stress tolerance. Accordingly, the CRISPR/Cas system application is introduced in this mini-review as a way to improve abiotic stress tolerance. Although editing efficiency and target discovery for plant CRISPR/Cas systems require further improvement, CRISPR/Cas systems will be the key approach to maintaining global food security during climate change.