Regional source discrimination of atmospheric aerosols in Europe using
                        the isotopic composition of lead

Hopper, J. F.; Ross, Howard B.; Sturges, William T.; Barrie, Leonard A.

doi:10.3402/tellusb.v43i1.15245

Cited by 97 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Direct information on the 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratio of petrol in the U.K. for the period since 1929 is not available, but our measurements since 1989 show a range of 1.06-1.09 with a mean of 1.071 ( 0.010 (n ) 18), in good agreement with Delves and Campbell (26). In view of the possible use at times of imported tetraalkyllead from the United States and contributions to atmospheric lead over the U.K. from carexhaust emissions in parts of continental Europe with higher 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratios (27), we have taken 1.12 as a plausible upper limit for petrol-derived atmospheric lead. Figure 4 shows the outcome for relative contributions of "industrial" lead ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ) 1.169) and of "petrol" lead to the flux of excess lead for three scenarios based on petrol 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ) 1.06, 1.09, or 1.12 since 1929.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Stable Lead Isotope Record of Lead Pollution in Loch Lomond Sediments since 1630 A.D.

Farmer¹,

Eades²,

MacKenzie

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

191

106

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Stable lead isotope data can yield information on the geochemical origins of lead and on its relative contributions from sources such as coal burning, mining, smelting, and car-exhaust emissions. This extremely detailed 206Pb/207Pb profile for dated bottom sediments in Loch Lomond, Scotland, shows the trends clearly related to the varying nature and extent of anthropogenic lead inputs after 1630. In particular, a significant decline in the 206Pb/207Pb ratio of excess lead during 1929−1991 is attributable to the introduction and use of (206Pb-depleted) leaded petrol since the 1920s. This accounts, however, for just 24−53% of the excess lead deposited since 1929 and ≤19% of the total excess lead inventory. Deposition of lead from industrial (and domestic) activities has predominated overall and, on an annual basis, until at least the mid-1950s.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Stable Lead Isotope Record of Lead Pollution in Loch Lomond Sediments since 1630 A.D.

Farmer¹,

Eades²,

MacKenzie

et al. 1996

Environ. Sci. Technol.

191

106

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“…1.15 for the later half of the 20th century (up to 1996, when the bogs were cored). The ratio of 1.15 recorded in the peat bogs is also comparable to the average value of atmospheric aerosols measured in Sweden in 1988 (Hopper et al 1991) (Fig. 4), as well as to the values for forest mosses in Norway (Rosman et al 1998) and Finland (Keinonen 1992).…”

Section: Spheroidal Carbonaceous Flyash Particles (Scp)-temporal Trensupporting

confidence: 61%

A whole‐basin study of sediment accumulation using stable lead isotopes and flyash particles in an acidified lake, Sweden

Bindler

Renberg

Brännvall

et al. 2001

Limnology & Oceanography

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Using analyses of lead concentrations, lead isotopes ( 206 Pb/ 207 Pb), and spheroidal carbonaceous flyash particles (SCP), we studied sediment accumulation patterns in the acidified lake Härsvatten in southwest Sweden. After determining the natural background 206 Pb/ 207 Pb ratio (1.5) in deeper sediments in long sediment cores from three basins in the lake, we applied an isotope mixing model to quantify pollution Pb accumulation in 46 gravity cores. The mean pollution Pb inventory in the cores was 2.6 g m Ϫ2 (range, 0.3-11 g m Ϫ2 ). Although some variation in Pb concentrations can be explained by loss on ignition (LOI) and water depth (together, R ϭ 0.33), there is no 2 adj relationship between pollution Pb inventories and these variables. Contrary to the traditional model of sediment focusing, where higher accumulations of pollutants are expected in deeper waters, the highest inventories for pollution Pb and SCP are generally found at shallow sites (Ͻ4 m water depth) and not in the three deep basins of the lake (10, 12, and 24 m deep). Furthermore, the model for sediment focusing, which may be appropriate for describing the physical building of sediments in a lake basin, may be inappropriate for describing the specific processes controlling the distribution of pollutants in a lake basin of this type.

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“…Upper continental crust field from Millot et al (2004), Hemming and McLennan (2001), Grousset et al (1994) and . Gasoline from The Netherlands from Hopper et al (1991). …”

Section: Late Roman Empire and Early Middle Agesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric lead and heavy metal pollution records from a Belgian peat bog spanning the last two millenia: Human impact on a regional to global scale

Vleeschouwer

Gérard

Goormaghtigh

et al. 2007

Science of The Total Environment

113

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Europe has been continuously polluted throughout the last two millennia. During the Roman Empire, these pollutions were mainly from ore extraction and smelting across Europe. Then, during the Middle Ages and the Early times of Industrial revolution (i.e. 1750), these pollutions extended to coal burning and combustion engine. Belgian ombrotrophic peat bogs have proved an effective archive of these pollutants and provide the opportunity to reconstruct the history of atmospheric deposition in NW Europe.The results of recent and past trace metal accumulation and Pb isotopes from a one-meter peat core (in the Misten peat bog) have been derived using XRF and Nu-plasma MC-ICP-MS. Combined with 14 C and 210 Pb dates these data have enabled us to trace fluxes in anthropogenic pollution back to original Roman times.

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Regional source discrimination of atmospheric aerosols in Europe using the isotopic composition of lead

Cited by 97 publications

References 16 publications

Stable Lead Isotope Record of Lead Pollution in Loch Lomond Sediments since 1630 A.D.

Stable Lead Isotope Record of Lead Pollution in Loch Lomond Sediments since 1630 A.D.

A whole‐basin study of sediment accumulation using stable lead isotopes and flyash particles in an acidified lake, Sweden

Atmospheric lead and heavy metal pollution records from a Belgian peat bog spanning the last two millenia: Human impact on a regional to global scale

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