Regional pulse-wave velocity in the arterial tree.

McDonald, D. A.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1968.24.1.73

Cited by 204 publications

(92 citation statements)

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“…The waveform characteristics were determined automatically according to the phase velocity theory. 11 Components over 5 Hz were stored using a pass filter, and the wave front was determined. The time interval between the wave front of the brachial waveform and that of the ankle waveform was defined as the time interval between the brachium and the ankle (∆Tba).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery May Affect Arterial Elasticity in Women

Hashimoto

Miyamoto

Iwai

et al. 2009

Circ J

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Circ J 2009; 73: 750 -754 he lower incidence of atherosclerosis in premenopausal women than in men is an established epidemiological observation. 1 Menopause is also a well-known coronary risk factor, 2,3 but estrogen replacement therapy for postmenopausal women has not shown the hoped-for results in either primary (WHI: Women's Health Initiative) or secondary (HERS: Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study) cardiovascular event prevention. [4][5][6] Even though large clinical studies such as HERS and WHI showed no additional benefit from exogenous estrogen to prevent atherosclerosis, we believe endogenous estrogen may help to prevent atherosclerosis. During normal menstrual cycles, women show high levels of estrogen just before ovulation and during the luteal phase. Previously we and other researchers reported that endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is increased in young women during the phases of their menstrual cycles when endogenous estrogen levels are high, 7 and pregnant women show significantly high levels of estrogen. Therefore, we hypothesized that if women have been exposed for a longer time and/or at a higher level to endogenous estrogen, they may obtain estrogen's beneficial "cardioprotective" or "anti-atherosclerosis" effect. To examine this hypothesis, we enrolled a substantial number of women and used a fairly simple measurement to evaluate clinical arteriosclerosis. Increased arterial stiffness, as reflected by an increased pulse wave velocity (PWV), is a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 3 PWV is a non-invasive technique widely used in the clinical setting, so we measured the brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) as an indicator of arteriosclerosis. Although the baPWV reflects central and peripheral arterial stiffness, it is closely correlated with aortic arterial stiffness and the severity of atherosclerosis, 8 so we considered it might be useful as both a marker of cardiovascular risk and an indicator of clinical arteriosclerosis.In this cross-sectional study, we examined the association between pregnancy followed by delivery (number of both gravida and para) and the baPWV. MethodsA total of 2,560 women undergoing an annual health screening examination at the institute of Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association were recruited for the study (age range 22-83 years). Subjects with an ankle-brachial pressure index of less than 0.9 and with a significant arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation, which may affect the results of PWV, were excluded from the study. Informed consent was obtained from all of the women who were enrolled and the study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hyogo Prefecture Health Promotion Association. The age at menarche, pregnancy history (number of both gravida and para), menopausal status and the use of estrogen replacement therapy were obtained by a selfreporting questionnaire, which was confirmed by medical staff at the Institute. Conventional coronary risk factors, (Received May 7, 2008; revised manuscript received November 7, 2...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery May Affect Arterial Elasticity in Women

Hashimoto

Miyamoto

Iwai

et al. 2009

Circ J

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“…The characteristic points of waveforms were determined automatically according to the phase velocity theory. 19 The components over 5 Hz were stored using a pass filter and the wave front was determined. The time interval between the wave front of brachial waveform and that of ankle waveform was defined as the time interval between brachium and ankle (∆Tba).…”

Section: Bapwv Measurements Using the Oscillometric Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brachial - Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity is a Simple and Independent Predictor of Prognosis in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Tomiyama

Koji

Yambe

et al. 2005

Circ J

219

170

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ulse wave velocity (PWV), which reflects arterial stiffness, is a predictor of future cardiovascular events in a general population or patients with either hypertension, diabetes mellitus or end-stage renal diseases. [1][2][3][4] The carotid-femoral PWV measurement is known as a conventional method. 5,6 Recently, brachialankle PWV (baPWV) measurement, which is easier to perform than the use of other noninvasive automatic devices and uses pressure cuffs wrapped on the brachium and ankle, has become available in clinical settings. This method can be used to measure PWV in a large number of subjects. 7,8 baPWV correlates with intima-media thickness of the carotid artery, which is a marker of the severity of atherosclerosis, 9 and a close association between baPWV and aortic PWV has been also demonstrated. 7 However, baPWV measurements include not only the aortic component, but also the muscular arterial component. 7,10 Therefore, the usefulness of baPWV as a predictor of cardiovascular events has yet to be decisively established.PWV is a marker related to the severity of atherosclerosis and the increased arterial stiffness (especially aortic stiffness) causes the increased left ventricular afterload and Circulation Journal Vol.69, July 2005 the impaired coronary blood supply. 9,11 These pathophysiological abnormalities are thought to be involved in the underlying mechanism of influencing the prognosis. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a critical condition and predicting the prognosis of patients with ACS is crucial for their management. 12,13 Increased aortic stiffness, resulting in the above-mentioned disorders, may have an unfavorable influence on the prognosis of patients with ACS.The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of this simple baPWV measurement as a marker of predicting the prognosis in a clinical setting. We also examined whether the baPWV measurements can be used to predict the prognosis of patients with ACS. Methods Study Population, Follow-up Protocol, Study Endpoints and Endpoint DefinitionsBetween January 2001 and December 2003, 223 consecutive patients with ACS started their follow-up care in the outpatient cardiology department of the Tokyo Medical University Hospital. All of the patients had been hospitalized for the treatment of ACS between January 2001 and December 2003 and had undergone a coronary angiography procedure to confirm the culprit lesion and an echocardioigraphy examination to assess their left ventricular function. During the patients' hospitalization for ACS, percutaneous coronary intervention was conducted, if applicable. The baPWV was measured using the oscillometric method within 5 days before their discharge from the hospital.

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“…The mean value of the phase velocity above 2-2.5 Hz was very close to the wave front velocity. 27 The characteristic points of waveforms were determined automatically according to this phase velocity theory. The components over 5 Hz were stored using a pass filter and the wave front was determined.…”

Section: Angiotensin Pwv and Prognosis T Mimura Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%