Regional patterns of brain tissue loss associated with depression in Parkinson disease

Abstract

Tissue loss in several WM regions within the cortical-limbic network occurs in PD-Dep vs PD-NDep patients. Such pattern of brain atrophy overlaps with key regions involved in major depressive disorders, suggesting an increased vulnerability of this neural circuit in PD. This may partially account for the high prevalence of depression in PD.

Cognitive and neuroanatomical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

“…A PET study found that PD patients with depression had decreased cerebral blood flow in the frontal cortex and in the anterior cingulate cortex when compared with PD patients without depression and controls [99]. Two VBM studies reported that depressed PD patients had lower grey matter density in the frontal, temporal cortex [92] (In this study patients had moderate disease stage, their average disease duration was 9.9 years and they were treated with Levodopa), in the posterior cingulate cortex and the hippocampus [94] (This study included patients with mild to moderate disease stages, average disease duration was 6 years and they were treated with Levodopa). Sheng et al [100] found that functional connectivity was decreased within the prefrontal-limbic system and increased in the prefrontal cortex and lingual gyrus in PD patients with depression.…”

“…These studies revealed that PD patients with depression had white matter reductions in the right anterior cingulate bundle, inferior orbitofrontal regions and in the left inferior parietal lobe [94], the frontal lobe bilaterally, possibly representing dysfunction in bilateral anterior cingulate bundles [96], and the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus bilaterally [95].…”

“…We found 11 imaging studies that have explored the neural bases of PD patients with and without depression using different imaging techniques [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101] (See table 4). Among these studies, there is only one study that found no differences in brain regions between PD patients with and without depression [97] (In this study patients had mild to severe disease stages, average disease duration was 4.9 years and age at onset was 62.6).…”

“…In summary, two VBM studies have explored the neural correlates of depression in PD patients [92,94] In addition, the earlier studies did not covariate for total intracranial volume, which might have contributed to the results of grey matter reduction. Furthermore, the authors relied on reports of previous episodes of other neuropsychiatric symptoms in order to exclude patients who had these symptoms.…”

Depression, anxiety, and apathy in Parkinson's disease: insights from neuroimaging studies

“…Of the 38 studies on depression, 33 reported findings from one single imaging modality: 19 used either PET [11, 12, 13,15, 16, 17, 18, 19] or SPECT 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 techniques, four used T1‐weighted imaging 31, 32, 33, three used DTI 34, 35, 36, six used resting state functional MRI (RS‐FMRI) 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 and two used TCS methods 43, 44. The remaining four of the 38 studies reported findings from structural T1‐weighted imaging plus another imaging method, including PET 14, DTI 45, task FMRI 46 and RS‐FMRI 47, respectively.…”