Regional Modeling of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation

Bardet, Jean Pierre; Tobita, Tetsuo; Mace, Nicholas; Hu, Jianping

doi:10.1193/1.1463409

Cited by 57 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Bardet et al (2002) developed a method for modelling post-liquefaction displacements on a regional basis. In practice, the free field displacements are assumed usually to vary linearly from top to bottom of the liquefied layer.…”

Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Piles during Earthquakes: Issues of Design and Analysis

Finn

2005

Bull Earthquake Eng

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The seismic response of pile foundations is a very complex process involving inertial interaction between structure and pile foundation, kinematic interaction between piles and soils, seismically induced pore-water pressures (PWP) and the non-linear response of soils to strong earthquake motions. In contrast, very simple pseudo-static methods are used in engineering practice to determine response parameters for design. These methods neglect several of the factors cited above that can strongly affect pile response. Also soil-pile interaction is modelled using either linear or non-linear springs in a Winkler computational model for pile response. The reliability of this constitutive model has been questioned. In the case of pile groups, the Winkler model for analysis of a single pile is adjusted in various ways by empirical factors to yield a computational model for group response. Can the results of such a simplified analysis be adequate for design in all situations?The lecture will present a critical evaluation of general engineering practice for estimating the response of pile foundations in liquefiable and non-liquefiable soils during earthquakes. The evaluation is part of a major research study on the seismic design of pile foundations sponsored by a Japanese construction company with interests in performance based design and the seismic response of piles in reclaimed land. The evaluation of practice is based on results from field tests, centrifuge tests on model piles and comprehensive non-linear dynamic analyses of pile foundations consisting of both single piles and pile groups.Studies of particular aspects of pile-soil interaction were made. Piles in layered liquefiable soils were analysed in detail as case histories show that these conditions increase the seismic demand on pile foundations. These studies demonstrate the importance of kinematic interaction, usually neglected in simple pseudo-static methods. Recent developments in designing piles to resist lateral spreading of the ground after liquefaction are presented. A comprehensive study of the evaluation of pile cap stiffness coefficients was undertaken and a reliable method of selecting the single value stiffnesses demanded by mainstream commercial structural software was developed. Some other important findings from the study are: the relative effects of inertial and kinematic interactions between foundation and soil on acceleration and displacement spectra of the super-structure; a method for estimating whether inertial interaction is likely to be important or not in a given situation and so when a structure may be treated as a fixed based structure for estimating inertial loads; the occurrence of large kinematic moments when a liquefied layer or naturally occurring soft layer is sandwiched between two hard layers; and the role of rotational stiffness in controlling pile head displacements, especially in liquefiable soils. The lecture concludes with some recommendations for 142 W. D. LIAM FINN practice that recognize that design, especially prelimi...

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Section: General Commentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of Piles during Earthquakes: Issues of Design and Analysis

Finn

2005

Bull Earthquake Eng

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“…Hence, the site performance is consistent with expected behavior. Finally, it should be noted that because there are many borings and CPTs at this and other lateral spread sites, the data can be used to formulate valuable case histories for empirical lateral spreading models [12,13]. This work is ongoing.…”

Section: Examples Of Collected Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Documentation of soil conditions at liquefaction and non-liquefaction sites from 1999 Chi–Chi (Taiwan) earthquake

Chu

Stewart

Lee

et al. 2004

Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering

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The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake provides case histories of ground failure and non-ground failure that are valuable to the ongoing development of liquefaction susceptibility, triggering and surface manifestation models because the data occupy sparsely populated parameter spaces (i.e., high cyclic stress ratio and high fines content with low to moderate soil plasticity). In this paper, we document results from several large site investigation programs conducted in Nantou, Wufeng and Yuanlin, Taiwan. The seismic performance of the investigated sites include non-ground failure building and free-field sites, building sites with partial foundation bearing failures, free-field lateral spread sites, and free-field level ground sites with sediment boils. Field and laboratory investigation protocols for the sites are described, including cone penetration testing (some with pore pressure and shear wave velocity measurements) and rotary wash borings with standard penetration testing (including energy measurements). Implications of the SPT energy measurements with respect to established guidelines for the estimation of SPT energy ratio (including short rod corrections) are presented. Finally, data for three example sites are shown that illustrate potential applications of the data set, and which also demonstrate a condition where existing liquefaction analysis procedures fail to predict the observed field performance.

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“…To estimate permanent ground displacement due to liquefaction L PGD , several expression have been proposed (e.g. Bardet et al, 2002). For longitudinal action, the corresponding maximum axial force in the pipeline can be calculated through equations (8)-(9), whereas for transverse lateral-spreading action, the maximum bending strain can be computed from equations (10)-(11).…”

Section: Landslidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Design of Buried Steel Water Pipelines

Karamanos

Keil²,

Card

2014

Pipelines 2014

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The present paper provides an overview of available tools and provisions for the structural analysis and design of buried welded (continuous) steel water pipelines in seismic areas, subjected to earthquake action. Both transient and permanent ground actions (coming from tectonic faults, landslides and liquefaction-induced lateral spreading) are considered. Specific issues are discussed on the modelling of the interacting pipeline-soil system using either simple analytical models or nonlinear finite elements, and their main advantages and disadvantages are pin-pointed. Subsequently, the resistance of buried pipelines is discussed, with emphasis on possible failure modes. Finally, possible mitigations measures for reducing seismic effects are discussed, for the safe operation of steel water pipelines against seismic hazard.

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Regional Modeling of Liquefaction-Induced Ground Deformation

Cited by 57 publications

References 22 publications

A Study of Piles during Earthquakes: Issues of Design and Analysis

A Study of Piles during Earthquakes: Issues of Design and Analysis

Documentation of soil conditions at liquefaction and non-liquefaction sites from 1999 Chi–Chi (Taiwan) earthquake

Seismic Design of Buried Steel Water Pipelines

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