Regional measurements and modeling of windblown agricultural dust: The Columbia Plateau PM<sub>10</sub> Program

Claiborn, Candis; Lamb, Brian; Miller, April; Beseda, Jim; Clode, Bryan; Vaughan, Joe; Kang, Liping; Newvine, Carol

doi:10.1029/98jd00046

Cited by 44 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Measurements in dust storms in Tadzhjikistan show a substantial mass mode in the size range Ͻ10 m; at a distance of 100 km downwind of a dust source, the dust mass peak was in the range 2-5 m in diameter (7). In a study of windblown dust from agricultural fields in the Pacific Northwest, Clairborn et al (25) compared size distributions during windy conditions with those during nonwindy conditions. They found that concentrations in the size range of 1-10 m in diameter increased by as much as a factor of 5.…”

Section: Processes In Dust Source Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States

Prospero

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

511

379

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Soil dust is a major constituent of airborne particles in the global atmosphere. Dust plumes frequently cover huge areas of the earth; they are one of the most prominent and commonly visible features in satellite imagery. Dust is believed to play a role in many biogeochemical processes, but the importance of dust in these processes is not well understood because of the dearth of information about the global distribution of dust and its physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties. This paper describes some features of the large-scale distribution of dust and identifies some of the geological characteristics of important source areas. The transport of dust from North Africa is presented as an example of possible long-range dust effects, and the impact of African dust on environmental processes in the western North Atlantic and the southeastern United States is assessed. Dust transported over long distances usually has a mass median diameter <10 m. Small wind-borne soil particles show signs of extensive weathering; consequently, the physical and chemical properties of the particles will greatly depend on the weathering history in the source region and on the subsequent modifications that occur during transit in the atmosphere (typically a period of a week or more). To fully understand the role of dust in the environment and in human health, mineralogists will have to work closely with scientists in other disciplines to characterize the properties of mineral particles as an ensemble and as individual particles especially with regard to surface characteristics.

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Section: Processes In Dust Source Areasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States

Prospero

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

511

379

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“…During the model run, the prognostic atmospheric and hydrological conditions are used to calculate the effective rates of the injected dust concentration based on the viscous/turbulent mixing, shear-free convection diffusion and soil moisture. The RCG model uses the methods by Loosmore and Hunt (2000) and Claiborn (1998) to calculate the resuspension of dust. MOCAGE has been coupled with a module of dynamic source of dust emissions using a size-resolved (bin) approach ).…”

Section: Natural Particulate Matter Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Numerical models that combine weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry are here referred to as chemical weather forecasting models. Eighteen operational chemical weather forecasting models on regional and continental scales in Europe are described and compared in this article. Topics discussed in this article include how weather forecasting and atmospheric chemistry models are integrated into chemical weather forecasting systems, how physical processes are incorporated into the models through parameterization schemes, how the model architecture affects the predicted variables, and how air chemistry and aerosol processes are formulated. In addition, we discuss sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the models, user operational requirements, such as model availability and documentation, and output availability and dissemination. In this manner, this article allows for the evaluation of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the various modelling systems and modelling approaches. Finally, this article highlights the most prominent gaps of knowledge for chemical weather forecasting models and suggests potential priorities for future research Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J. Kukkonen et al.: A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europedirections, for the following selected focus areas: emission inventories, the integration of numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemical transport models, boundary conditions and nesting of models, data assimilation of the various chemical species, improved understanding and parameterization of physical processes, better evaluation of models against data and the construction of model ensembles.

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“…In the fall, prescribed agricultural burning of myriad acres of bluegrass seed and wheat stubble fields takes place. In the late summer, during hot, dry periods, Spokane experiences high PM 10 because of re-entrainment of dust from unpaved roads and parking lots, and during windy periods, windblown dust storms may occur (11). In contrast to many urban areas in the Eastern United States, the sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration, the fraction of secondary PM mass (including both sulfates and nitrates), and the level of particulate acidity are relatively low in Spokane PM (12).…”

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confidence: 99%

Testing the metals hypothesis in Spokane, Washington.

Claiborn

Larson

Sheppard

2002

Environ Health Perspect

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A 7-year, time-series, epidemiologic study is ongoing in Spokane, Washington, to examine the associations between ambient particulate constituents or sources and health outcomes such as emergency department (ED) visits for asthma or respiratory problems. One of the hypotheses being tested is that particulate toxic metals are associated with these health outcomes. Spokane is a desirable city in which to conduct this study because of its relatively high concentrations of particulate matter, low concentrations of potentially confounding air pollutants, variability of particulate sources, and presence of several potential particulate metals sources. Daily fine-and coarse-fraction particulate samples are analyzed for metals via energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and instrumental neutron activation analysis. Particulate sources are determined using receptor modeling, including chemical mass balancing and positive matrix factorization coupled with partial source contribution function analysis. Principal component analysis has also been used to examine the influence of sources on the daily variability of the chemical composition of particulate samples. Based upon initial analyses using the EDXRF elemental analyses, statistically significant associations were observed between ED visits for asthma and increased combustion products, air stagnation, and fine particulate Zn. Although there is a significant soil particulate component, increased crustal particulate levels were not found to be associated with ED visits for asthma. Further research will clarify whether there is an association between specific health outcomes and either coarse or fine particulate metal species. Spokane is a semiarid, western city with a medium-sized urban population of approximately 200,000, and over 400,000 who live in the Spokane Valley. The area experiences periodic violations of the air quality standards for particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM 10 ) and is currently classified as a nonattainment area for PM 10 . There are several particulate "seasons" that lead to greatly differing particulate chemical characteristics and concentrations (10). In the winter, the Spokane Valley is prone to inversions, and in addition to vehicular exhaust, residential wood burning contributes significantly to particulate pollution. In the fall, prescribed agricultural burning of myriad acres of bluegrass seed and wheat stubble fields takes place. In the late summer, during hot, dry periods, Spokane experiences high PM 10 because of re-entrainment of dust from unpaved roads and parking lots, and during windy periods, windblown dust storms may occur (11). In contrast to many urban areas in the Eastern United States, the sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) concentration, the fraction of secondary PM mass (including both sulfates and nitrates), and the level of particulate acidity are relatively low in Spokane PM (12). Major point sources of particulate pollution include a municipal waste incinerator and an aluminum smelter and...

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Regional measurements and modeling of windblown agricultural dust: The Columbia Plateau PM₁₀ Program

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States

Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States

A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe

Testing the metals hypothesis in Spokane, Washington.

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Regional measurements and modeling of windblown agricultural dust: The Columbia Plateau PM10 Program

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States

Long-range transport of mineral dust in the global atmosphere: Impact of African dust on the environment of the southeastern United States

A review of operational, regional-scale, chemical weather forecasting models in Europe

Testing the metals hypothesis in Spokane, Washington.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Regional measurements and modeling of windblown agricultural dust: The Columbia Plateau PM₁₀ Program