Regional Knowledge Economies

Innovation and Knowledge Links in Metropolitan Regions: The Case of Vienna

“…In particular for these kinds of sectors, both local and international knowledge interactions and networks are regarded to be of key importance for the innovation performance and competitiveness (Camagni 1991, Saxenian 1994, Keeble and Wilkinson 1999, Bathelt et al 2004, Cooke et al 2007). …”

“…It has suffered to some extent from the weaknesses of Austria's national innovation system (NIS) expressed in its backward situation as regards indicators of the knowledge economy (low R&D quota, weak patenting activities, poor availability of venture capital: see Cooke et al 2007). Although Vienna has performed better in many of these indicators than the rest of Austria it was not able to fully overcome some of those weaknesses.…”

Science and Technology Parks in the Age of Open Innovation. The Finnish Case

“…The IRIS, more familiar in Europe, is research and development driven and technology-focused whereas the ERIS, more familiar in the USA, is more venture capital driven and market-focused. Cooke (2007) states that regional innovation systems are not isolated 'islands' but more like 'icebergs', swiftly affected by their global environment, immediate external conditions and internal dynamics. Cooke et al (2007) present the main structure of a regional innovation system (see also Tödtling, Trippl 2005).…”

“…Basically these approaches emphasize the role of geographical proximity and of the territory (including its 'soft' elements, like social capital) specifically in order to support knowledge exchanges, spill-overs, learning and innovation. Cooke ( , 2007 defines two different types of regional innovation systems: the IRIS (Institutional Regional Innovation System) and ERIS (Entrepreneurial Regional Innovation System). The IRIS, more familiar in Europe, is research and development driven and technology-focused whereas the ERIS, more familiar in the USA, is more venture capital driven and market-focused.…”

Social capital and governance for sustainable rural development

“…Under conditions of global competitiveness, knowledge sharing plays a critical role for promoting sustainable rural development (Cooke et al, 2006;EC, 2006;OECD, 2006). Behavioural science reminds us that knowledge sharing is about people.…”