Abstract:Summary
The U.K. contains seven groundwater provinces. Regional groundwater flow systems occur in these provinces above an essentially impermeable basement of varying age. The pattern of flow in the U.K. is strongly influenced by the distribution of the Permo-Triassic sandstones. Intermediate flow systems are encouraged by the scarp and vale topography that has developed as a consequence of the alternating sequence of aquifers and aquicludes in the Mesozoic.
Regional changes in groundwater … Show more
“…These values are probably caused by circulating groundwater (Downing et al, 1987), which relates either to a Carboniferous aquifer or a localised concentration of fracturing.…”
Section: Mineralization and Fluid Processesmentioning
“…These values are probably caused by circulating groundwater (Downing et al, 1987), which relates either to a Carboniferous aquifer or a localised concentration of fracturing.…”
Section: Mineralization and Fluid Processesmentioning
“…Hydrogeology and hydrology. The regional hydraulic gradient of the groundwater of the White Peak is towards the east (Downing et al, 1987). Current surface drainage of the White Peak is primarily via the River Wye, which is approximately 25 km in length.…”
Abstract.This review considers the geological and geomorphological context of tufa barrages that occupy buried valley settings in the Wye catchment, Derbyshire. It describes the potential relationship of the tufa with locations of hypothesised river captures and inception horizon-guided groundwater flow paths. Tufa barrage development is associated with steps in the bedrock, which may be related to knick-point recession during river capture. Broad estimates of valley incision have been calculated from previously dated deposits. These support current interpretations of particularly significant effective base-level lowering during the Anglian and Devensian stages of the Quaternary and have the potential to add to the knowledge of regional uplift histories.
“…In the English Chalk aquifer, for example, groundwater evolution along fl ow paths has been used as a means of characterising baseline groundwater quality and recognising recent inputs infl uenced by pollution from entirely natural trends in deeper, older waters (Edmunds et al 1987). Studies of hydrogeochemistry in dated palaeowaters have also been carried out by Hendry et al (1991) for the well-characterised Milk River aquifer in Canada.…”
Section: Past Approaches To Identifying Baselinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…A fi rst approach to defi ning baseline values in the UK aquifers, as a whole, is given by Edmunds et al (2003), where a geochemical approach was favoured over a purely statistical one. Several detailed national studies of natural trace element concentrations in the UK, USA and Norway (Edmunds et al 1987;Frengstad et al 2000;Lee and Helsel 2005) have also been used to explore the abundance of a wide range of constituents derived largely from geological sources. More recently, the main aquifers in England and Wales were individually subject to studies to determine baseline characteristics as a basis for groundwater management and was summarised by Shand et al (2007).…”
Section: Past Approaches To Identifying Baselinementioning
confidence: 99%
“…It forms a major water supply source in the UK and has been the subject of detailed hydrogeological and geochemical investigations (see e.g. Bath et al 1979;Edmunds et al 1982;Downing et al 1987;Edmunds and Smedley 2000;Smedley and Edmunds 2002). It provides a good example to show how inert and reactive chemical tracers help to build a story of the changing baseline as water moves along fl ow paths in the aquifer (Figure 1.5).…”
Section: The East Midlands Triassic Aquifer: An Illustration Of Changmentioning
Naturally occurring groundwaters are becoming increasingly impacted by human infl uences. It is important to develop criteria to recognise the extent and baseline characteristics of groundwater bodies as a basis of management and specifi cally as a starting point to recognise pollution. The baseline concept is reviewed and a defi nition adopted for use in the chapters of this book. Emphasis is placed on developing a sound understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality, in relation to hydrogeological and geochemical controls. The main geochemical controls on natural baseline chemistry, which usually accounts for 98% of the mineral composition of groundwater, are outlined. The various approaches available for baseline defi nition are then reviewed. Statistical tools are used as a fi rst step, but cannot explain the variance in the data for which a resort to the fi eld situation and use of historical data is required. The median and 97.7 percentile are adopted as the main statistical parameters for initially defi ning baseline and comparing different data sets.
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