Regional Geotechnical Mapping Employing Kriging on Electronic Geodatabase

Abstract

A regional geotechnical map was developed by employing kriging using spatial and s geostatistical analysis tools. Many studies have been carried out in the field of topography, digital elevation modeling, agriculture, geological, crop, and precipitation mapping. However, no significant contribution to the development of geotechnical mapping has been made. For the appraisal of a geotechnical map, extensive field explorations were carried out throughout the geotechnically diversified plateau spread over an area of approximately 23,000 km2. In total, 450 soil samples were collected from 75 data stations to determine requisite index properties and soil classification for the subsequent allowable bearing capacity evaluation. The formatted test results, along with associated geospatial information, were uploaded to ArcMap, which created an initial input electronic database. The kriging technique of geostatistical analysis was determined to be more feasible for generating a geotechnical map. The developed map represents the distribution of soil in the region as per the engineering classification system, allowable bearing capacity, and American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) subgrade rating for 1.5-, 3.0-, and 4.5-m depths. The accuracy of the maps generated using kriging interpolation technique under spatial analyst tools was verified by comparing the values in the generated surface with the actual values measured at randomly selected validation points. The database was primarily created for the appraisal of geotechnical maps and can also be used for preliminary geotechnical investigations, which saves the cost of soil investigations. In addition, this approach allows establishing useful correlations among the geotechnical properties of soil.

Geotechnical Property Modeling and Construction Safety Zoning Based on GIS and BIM Integration

“…The optimum approach with the highest accuracy should be used for making geotechnical zonation. The probabilistic approaches are ranked to be higher accurate in comparison with the deterministic method for geotechnical property interpolation because of its better uncertainty incorporation [10].…”

“…The experimental data collected from the labs and consultant did not incorporate the effect of the energy loss. To calibrate the SPT-N value from the experiments test, the correction formula based on the international standard of 60% efficiency was applied [10,59].…”

“…It can be used to calculate the other geotechnical parameters of soil such as the angle of internal friction, relative density, shear modulus, shear wave velocity, Poisson's ratio, and shear strength [7][8][9]. The geotechnical modeling of the construction site can ensure the safe execution of the project and enhancing its feasibility, planning, and design phase [10,11]. Preparation of the geotechnical maps and division into subsequent zones is helpful for the authorities and practitioners as it results in cost and time-saving in the construction projects.…”

“…Preparation of the geotechnical maps and division into subsequent zones is helpful for the authorities and practitioners as it results in cost and time-saving in the construction projects. The recent increase in the studies using this approach provides an excellent opportunity to utilize the method for improving safety in the construction site [10,[12][13][14].…”

“…However, the deterministic approach doesn't take into account the effect of spatial variation with distance. Many studies have utilized geographic information system (GIS) to model, map, integrate, and interpret the geotechnical properties of the site portraying their spatial distribution [10,14]. GIS has been used to produce zonation maps that can be employed to assess hazards and also to determine the suitability of the construction type [14].…”