Regional genetic variation in Caucasians

Statistical analyses to support forensic interpretation for a new ten-locus STR profiling system

“…For D2 and D3, close agreement is again obtained with separate estimates reported in Watson et al (2000). As observed previously in analyses of SGM data (Foreman et al 1998;Foreman and Lambert 2000), allele distributions exhibited at the new loci are very similar within racial groups (see Figs. 2,3).…”

“…F ST estimates are small (e.g. Gill and Evett 1995;Foreman et al 1998). Recognition of all these issues culminates in the paradoxical situation where authors describe the results of significance testing on DNA profiling data in order to justify the independence assumptions underlying the forensic calculations to be used in practice, only to ignore or "explain away" any significant results which are obtained as being of no practical consequence (e.g.…”

“…However, there is now an extensive body of literature describing analyses of STR data which support much lower F ST values. In particular, analyses relevant to the three main FSS SGM frequency databases are described in Foreman et al (1998), Foreman (1999 and Foreman and Lambert (2000) and these suggest a value of F ST = 0.02 as being a reasonable "upper bound" for use with the Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Asian (Indo-Pakistani) populations of the UK. Until more comprehensive data become available at the new SGM-plus loci, it seems reasonable to extrapolate the results obtained for the SGM loci; hence, new FSS guidelines recommend using F ST = 2% with all three frequency databases.…”

Forensic identification of urine samples: a comparison between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers

“…An LR was used to quantify the strength of a match between a urine sample and the corresponding blood sample. LRs per locus were calculated using the formula of Balding and Nichols [15], using θ=0.01 to represent the level of co-ancestry within the Caucasian population [16]. Individual LRs were multiplied across loci.…”

Norwegian population data for the 10 autosomal STR loci in the AMPFlSTR® SGM Plus™ system

“…The overall F ST estimate for the 10 loci was 0.002 (bootstrap confidence interval upper bound = 0.0034) with F ST values for individual loci ranging up to 0.0052 (D8S1179). This indicates that there is a level of coancestry similar to other European populations in Norway [3,4], and applying a u value of 0.01 would be sufficient to take account of the effect of population substructure when estimating match probabilities. The frequency of the theoretically most common genotype is www.elsevier.com/locate/forsciint Forensic Science International 170 (2007) 59-61 Table 1 Allele frequencies for AmpFlSTR SGM plus loci in a Norwegian population sample of 1000 individuals Allele D3S1358 vWA D16S539 D2S1338 D8S1179 D21S11 D18S51 D19S433 TH01 FGA 5 --------0.005 -6 --------0.209 -7 - 2.65 Â 10 À10 .…”