Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571–1850

Missiaia, Anna

doi:10.1080/01615440.2018.1429971

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…To estimate GDP for these regions, we follow Geary and Stark (2002;, as well several studies on other countries such as Spain (Diez-Minguela et al 2018) and Sweden (Enflo and Missiaia 2018), who show that, after equating labor productivity times number of laborers with GDP, GDP by sector and region can be calculated as follows:…”

Section: Benchmark Years Region Division and Geary And Stark Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if wages in the residency of Madiun are always 69 per cent of the average in preceding years, we assume that this would also be true for 1930. Second, the lack of reliable data on services has been addressed by following the assumption of Geary and Stark (2002), based on Kravis et al (1978), that these wages are a labor share weighted mean of agricultural and industrial wages (for a comparable, though not identical, method see Enflo and Missiaia 2018).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional variation in the GDP per capita of colonial Indonesia, 1870–1930

Bosma

Leeuwen

2022

Cliometrica

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Since colonial times, substantial regional income disparities have been reported for Indonesia. However, in spite of a wide variety of available data and indicators, so far published data on Indonesian per capita GDP in colonial times are limited to macro-estimates for the entire archipelago or are confined either to Java or to the Outer Islands. In this paper we provide a first attempt to arrive at estimates of diverging income and living standards at a regional level. We implement the Geary and Stark method on a large body of data collected by the colonial government, to estimate GDP for ten macro-regions and five benchmark years between 1870 and 1930. Our findings, corrected for prices, confirm the image arising from the existing literature of major divergences within the Indonesian archipelago in general, and of a higher per capita GDP in most of the Outer Islands (all islands of the Indonesian archipelago except for Java and Madura) compared with Java in particular. This was definitely the case in 1870 and still the case in 1920, but the picture is less clear for 1930, which was the final year before Indonesia’s commodity exports started to collapse.

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Section: Benchmark Years Region Division and Geary And Stark Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variation in the GDP per capita of colonial Indonesia, 1870–1930

Bosma

Leeuwen

2022

Cliometrica

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“…This decline is in line with what we know about the general development of Sweden entering the nineteenth century based on both national and regional GDP evidence; Edvinsson (2013) shows a fairly stagnant national GDP at the end of the eighteenth century going into the nineteenth. While this national GDP enjoys increased growth from about the turn of the century, Enflo and Missiaia (2018) show that Malmöhus County, the home of Malmö, makes a much slower entry into growth, with regional GDP in indexed at a stagnant 79 compared to Stockholm county's 160 and 200 in 1820 and 1830, respectively. At the same time there was a significant increase in landlessness and men looking for work in the casual-hire market, as opposed to year-long fixed contracts.…”

Section: Real Wages For Casual and Annual Labourmentioning

confidence: 95%

Men at work. Wages and industriousness in southern Sweden 1500–1850

Gary

Olsson

2019

Scandinavian Economic History Review

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In his classic works on the industrious revolution, Jan de Vries argues that demand for new consumer goods trigged eighteenth century Europeans to work more. This implies that industrious behaviour and new consumption patterns were two parallel and interdependent processes that preceded the industrial revolution. However, there is an alternative explanation for any increase in labour output on household level, namely that the labourers were forced to work more to meet ends. An indication of this could be that day labourers' relative wages decreased over time. In this article, we investigate this by studying wages from annual and casual labour in southern Sweden and compare their levels with consumption baskets.

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“…Enflo and Missiaia, using a different methodology, also provide estimates for the benchmark year 1571: the main source is a one‐off wealth tax called the ‘Älvsborgs ransom’. Between 1563 and 1570 Sweden and Denmark engaged in one of many wars for the control of the Baltic Sea.…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table reports the GDP per capita estimates for all years from Enflo and Missiaia, indexed to the national average (Sweden = 100), plus the estimates for 2010 from Enflo et al., to provide a current benchmark . The results are shown in the maps of figure .…”

Section: IVmentioning

confidence: 99%

Between Malthus and the industrial take‐off: regional inequality in Sweden, 1571–1850

Missiaia¹

2019

The Economic History Review

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The causes and extent of regional inequality in the process of economic growth are at the core of historical economic research. So far, much attention has been devoted to studying the role of industrialization in driving regional divergence. However, empirical studies on relatively unequal countries such as Italy and Spain show that inequality was already high at the outset of modern industrialization. Using new estimates of Swedish regional GDP, this article looks for the first time at regional inequality in a pre-industrial European economy. Its findings show that inequality increased dramatically between 1571 and 1750 and stayed high until the midnineteenth century. This result refutes the classical view that the industrial take-off was the main driver of regional divergence. Decomposing the Theil index for GDP per worker, we find that the bulk of inequality from 1750 onwards was driven by structural differences across sectors rather than different regional productivity within sectors. We show that counties with higher agricultural productivity followed a classic Malthusian pattern when experiencing technological advancement, while those with higher industrial productivity did not. We suggest that institutional factors, such as the creation of the Swedish Empire, Stockholm's trading rights, and a protective industrial policy, amplified this exceptional pattern.

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Regional GDP estimates for Sweden, 1571–1850

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Regional variation in the GDP per capita of colonial Indonesia, 1870–1930

Regional variation in the GDP per capita of colonial Indonesia, 1870–1930

Men at work. Wages and industriousness in southern Sweden 1500–1850

Between Malthus and the industrial take‐off: regional inequality in Sweden, 1571–1850

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