Regional fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women

Peppa, Μelpomeni; Koliaki, Chrysi; Hadjidakis, Dimitrios; Garoflos, Efstathios; Papaefstathiou, Athanasios; Katsilambros, Nicholas; Raptis, Sotirios A.; Dimitriadis, George

doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2013.07.001

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Deep subcutaneous adipose tissue was demonstrated to have similar phenotype of visceral fat, with increased insulin resistance and high CVD risk score, whereas superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue was the opposite [29]. Subcutaneous fat in the lower-body region has more potent properties of metabolism [30–32]. In healthy postmenopausal women, leg fat mass was a significant independent predictor of insulin sensitivity, reducing risk for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, whereas trunk fat was associated with increased risk of those conditions [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subcutaneous fat in the lower-body region has more potent properties of metabolism [30–32]. In healthy postmenopausal women, leg fat mass was a significant independent predictor of insulin sensitivity, reducing risk for hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, whereas trunk fat was associated with increased risk of those conditions [30]. In addition, this association was consistently maintained independent of body weight [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomic fat depots and cardiovascular risk: a focus on the leg fat using nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)

Han

Lee

et al. 2017

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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BackgroundAlthough central fat is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cardiometabolic disorders, the effect of other regional fats or muscle distribution on CVD risk has not been fully investigated.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study using nationally representative samples of 15,686 subjects from the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Individual CVD risk was evaluated in adults aged ≥20 without prior CVD, using atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk equations according to the 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Body composition was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsRatio of leg fat to total fat (LF/TF ratio) was the most predictive for CVD among body fat or muscle distribution parameters (AUC = 0.748, 95% CI 0.741–0.755). ASCVD risk score was gradually increased with decreased LF/TF ratio (P < 0.001), and individuals whose LF/TF ratio in lowest tertile tended to belong to the high-risk (10-year risk >10%) group compared to those in the highest tertile (OR = 6.25, 95% CI 5.60–6.98). Subjects in the lowest tertile showed increased risk of cardiometabolic risk factor components including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, and albuminuria (OR range 2.57–11.24, all P < 0.001). In addition, a higher LF/TF ratio was associated with decreased ASCVD risk, even in subjects with multiple CVD risk factors. Multiple logistic regression analyses also demonstrated this association (OR = 1.85, 95% CI 1.36–2.52).ConclusionsAmong various body composition parameters, LF/TF ratio was superior in predicting higher CVD risk and a higher LF/TF ratio was independently associated with decreased risk of CVD and each cardiometabolic risk factor.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-017-0536-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic fat depots and cardiovascular risk: a focus on the leg fat using nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)

Han

Lee

et al. 2017

Cardiovasc Diabetol

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“…For example, compared with upper body adipose tissue, lower body adipose tissue appears to turnover fatty acids slowly, has the ability to recruit more adipocyte with weight gain for fat storage and is less prone to adipose tissue inflammation 22, 30, 31. On the other hand, excess lower body fat may still have some adverse effect on metabolism 32, 33, 34, 35. In addition, % body fat has been reported to correlate with metabolic syndrome similarly to upper body fat36, 37, 38; if so, a role for lower body fat cannot be discounted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper body fat predicts metabolic syndrome similarly in men and women

Grundy

Williams

Vega

2018

Eur J Clin Investigation

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BackgroundThe metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors including dyslipidemia, dysglycemia, hypertension, a pro‐inflammatory state, and a prothrombotic state. All of these factors are accentuated by obesity. However, obesity can be defined by body mass index (BMI), percent body fat, or by body fat distribution. The latter consists of upper body fat (subcutaneous and visceral fat) and lower body fat (gluteofemoral fat). Waist circumference is a common surrogate marker for upper body fat.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 1999‐2006 was examined for associations of metabolic risk factors with percent body fat, waist circumference, and BMI.ResultsAssociations between absolute measures of waist circumference and risk factors were similiar for men and women. The similarities of associations between waist circumference and risk factors suggests that greater visceral fat in men does not accentuate the influence of upper body fat on risk factors.ConclusionsDifferent waist concumference values should not be used to define abdominal obesity in men and women.

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“…25 To date, only a few epidemiological studies have examined the relationship between fat distribution measured by DXA and BP in adult populations. 15 In pediatric populations, only 2 cross-sectional studies have been conducted, 22,26 and no cohort study has been reported. Accordingly, we conducted a 3-year follow-up study to examine whether childhood fat distribution measured by DXA Values represent mean ± standared deviation, or n (%).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat　– Three-Year Follow-up Study –

Kouda

Fujita

Nakamura

et al. 2016

Circ J

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Regional fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Anatomic fat depots and cardiovascular risk: a focus on the leg fat using nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)

Anatomic fat depots and cardiovascular risk: a focus on the leg fat using nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)

Upper body fat predicts metabolic syndrome similarly in men and women

Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat　– Three-Year Follow-up Study –

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Regional fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in healthy postmenopausal women

Cited by 49 publications

References 31 publications

Anatomic fat depots and cardiovascular risk: a focus on the leg fat using nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)

Anatomic fat depots and cardiovascular risk: a focus on the leg fat using nationwide surveys (KNHANES 2008–2011)

Upper body fat predicts metabolic syndrome similarly in men and women

Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat – Three-Year Follow-up Study –

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Trunk-to-Peripheral Fat Ratio Predicts Subsequent Blood Pressure Levels in Pubertal Children With Relatively Low Body Fat　– Three-Year Follow-up Study –