Regional epidemiology of brucellosis infection in modern conditions of animal husbandry technology in Kazakhstan (by the degree of spread and incidence)

Abstract

The research relevance is determined by the prevalence and impact of brucellosis in the developing livestock landscape of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which requires immediate assessment to understand the current state due to dynamic changes in animal breeding technologies. The study aims to implement various diagnostic programmes and compare the data obtained with information provided by other organisations. To achieve this goal, the “gold standard” research methods were used, a set of classical serological methods, which included the Rose-Bengal test, agglutination reaction, complement binding reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, as well as the analysis method and graph analytical method. The results showed that the most infected with brucellosis were epizootic units in Aktobe, Kostanay, Mangistau, Atyrau, Akmola and West Kazakhstan regions, with infection rates exceeding 23.4%. At the same time, Almaty, Turkestan, and Karaganda regions were the least vulnerable, with infection rates not exceeding 3.1%. The largest number of animals with brucellosis was registered in West Kazakhstan Region and the smallest – in Zhambyl Region. This is due to the peculiarities of keeping and geographical locations of the regions of Kazakhstan. Thus, we can classify the situation in Almaty, Pavlodar, Karaganda and Zhambyl regions as class A, as having a low degree of infection. Kostanay, Akmola, Kyzylorda and Atyrau regions are considered to be zones with a medium degree of infection, belonging to class B. In turn, all other regions are characterised by a high degree of infection and are assigned to class C. The practical significance of the study is due to the contribution of valuable information to the scientific understanding of the epidemiology of brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The findings provide a basis for the development of targeted intervention strategies and policy recommendations to mitigate the impact of brucellosis on livestock