In the article the dairy production is presented as a constituent of competitiveness, sustainability and security in the regional economic development. The main problem of dairy production is a low provision of Russian citizens with milk and dairy products according to the recommended norms of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russia. The main goal in this industry is to increase the share of domestic milk and dairy products in the national market till 90% for the food security enforcement in the Russian Federation. The aim of research is to analyze the opportunities of dairy production in the provision of competitiveness, sustainability and security of Russian regions. For this purpose the regional specificity of the added value chains is identified. The scenarios of development of the interregional market of dairy production are suggested. The qualitative methods of research (statistical, economic and mathematic) and quantitative methods (analysis of monographs) were used when working with the database on the specificity of the regional dairy production developed by the authors. The research resulted in the identification of the parameters of the regional production concentration, factors influencing a high regional consumption of dairy production, specificity of production hubs' functioning for the creation of short value chains of food supply. The main conclusions are presented as follows. The regional specificity of added value chains of dairy production in the enforcement of competitiveness, sustainability and security of regional development is proved. The possible scenarios of development of the interregional market of dairy production, their advantages and disadvantages are forecasted. The measures necessary for the small business development in the rural area are suggested.