Regional distribution of ventilation in horses in dorsal recumbency during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation assessed by electrical impedance tomography: a case series

Mosing, Martina; Marly‐Voquer, Charlotte; MacFarlane, Paul; Bardell, David; Böhm, Stephan H.; Bettschart‐Wolfensberger, Regula; Waldmann, Andreas D.

doi:10.1111/vaa.12405

Cited by 28 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a factor would then have to be prospectively tested in healthy horses and horses with diseased lungs as well as under conditions of controlled and spontaneous breathing. EIT-based monitoring of tidal volume would add clinical value to the scientifically well-described assessment of the distribution of such tidal volumes in horses [2,3,21,22]. VT 4 9 NICO , tidal volume measured by spirometry; EIT ROI , impedance change measured within the two lung regions of interest; EIT thorax , impedance change measured within the whole EIT image; RR, respiratory rate; PIP, peak inspiratory pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of tidal ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised horses

Mosing

Waldmann

Raisis

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of tidal ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised horses

Mosing

Waldmann

Raisis

et al. 2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…In dorsal recumbency, FRC drops further as the diaphragm and abdominal organs overlie a large part of the lungs and both lungs are compressed . The FRC is further reduced during anaesthesia due to the loss of respiratory muscle tone of the diaphragm and changes in the distribution of ventilation throughout the lung area .…”

Section: Part 2: Pulmonary Ventilation and Controlled Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to a greater movement of the diaphragm in the dorsal regions than in the ventral nondependent parts in anaesthetised horses and humans in dorsal recumbency (Fig ). This dorsal diaphragmatic movement ‘pulls’ the gas into dependent parts .…”

Section: Part 2: Pulmonary Ventilation and Controlled Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The positive pressure in the thorax during CMV compresses the vena cava and reduces venous return to the heart and therefore cardiac filling. This leads to a reduced stroke volume and cardiac output . Cardiac output directly influences blood pressure, which is important to maintain muscle perfusion and avoid post‐anaesthetic myopathy .…”

Section: Part 2: Pulmonary Ventilation and Controlled Ventilationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maintenance of equine anaesthesia over the last 50 years: Controlled inhalation of volatile anaesthetics and pulmonary ventilation

Mosing

Senior

2018

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryIn the first edition of this journal, Barbara Weaver wrote a review titled 'Equine Anaesthesia', stating that, at that time, it was quickly becoming accepted practice that many horses were being anaesthetised 'by essentially similar procedures, i.e. premedication, induction and then maintenance by controlled inhalation'. To celebrate the 50th anniversary of the first edition of this journal, this review covers the development of understanding and practice of inhalational anaesthesia and controlled ventilation in horses over the last 50 years. We review how the perceived benefits of halothane led to its widespread use, but subsequently better understanding of halothane's effects led to changes in equine anaesthetic practice and the utilisation of different inhalation agents (e.g. isoflurane and sevoflurane). We discuss how more recently, better understanding of the effects of the 'newer' inhalation agents' effects has led to yet more changes in equine anaesthetic practice, and while, further new inhalation agents are unlikely to appear in the near future, further enhancements to anaesthetic practice may still lead to improved outcomes. We review advances in our understanding of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the equine lung as well of the effects of anaesthesia on lung function and how these predispose to some of the common problems of gas exchange and ventilation during anaesthesia. We identify the aims of optimal mechanical ventilation for anaesthetic management and whether the various methods of ventilatory support during equine anaesthesia achieve them. We also highlight that further developments in equipment and optimal ventilator modes are likely in the near future.

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Effects of PEEP on the relationship between tidal volume and total impedance change measured via electrical impedance tomography (EIT)

Brabant

Crivellari

Hosgood

et al. 2021

J Clin Monit Comput

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Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is used in lung physiology monitoring. There is evidence that EIT is linearly associated with global tidal volume (VT) in clinically healthy patients where no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is applied. This linearity has not been challenged by altering lung conditions. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PEEP on VT estimation, using EIT technology and spirometry, and observe the stability of the relationship under changing lung conditions. Twelve male castrated cattle (Steer), mean age 7.8 months (SD ± 1.7) were premedicated with xylazine followed by anaesthesia induction with ketamine and maintenance with halothane in oxygen via an endotracheal tube. An EIT belt was applied around the thorax at the level of the fifth intercostal space. Volume controlled ventilation was used. PEEP was increased in a stepwise manner from 0 to 5, 10 and 15 cmH 2 O. At each PEEP, the VT was increased stepwise from 5 to 10 and 15 mL kg −1. After a minute of stabilisation, total impedance change (VT EIT), using EIT and VT measured by a spirometer connected to a flow-partitioning device (VT Spiro) was recorded for the following minute before changing ventilator settings. Data was analysed using linear regression and multi variable analysis. There was a linear relationship between VT EIT and VT Spiro at all levels of PEEP with an R 2 of 0.71, 0.68, 0.63 and 0.63 at 0, 5, 10 and 15 cmH 2 O, respectively. The variance in VT EIT was best described by peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and PEEP (adjusted R 2 0.82) while variance in VT Spiro was best described by PIP and airway deadspace (adjusted R 2 0.76). The relationship between VT EIT and VT Spiro remains linear with changes in tidal volume, and stable across altered lung conditions. This may have application for monitoring and assessment in vivo.

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Regional distribution of ventilation in horses in dorsal recumbency during spontaneous and mechanical ventilation assessed by electrical impedance tomography: a case series

Cited by 28 publications

References 9 publications

Monitoring of tidal ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised horses

Monitoring of tidal ventilation by electrical impedance tomography in anaesthetised horses

Maintenance of equine anaesthesia over the last 50 years: Controlled inhalation of volatile anaesthetics and pulmonary ventilation

Effects of PEEP on the relationship between tidal volume and total impedance change measured via electrical impedance tomography (EIT)

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